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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are enzymes?

Proteins that function as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

They lower the activation energy of a reaction by leading the reaction through a different chemical pathway with a lower activation energy.

What is a metabolic pathway?

A series of linked reactions starting with a reactant and ending with an end product.

What're some examples of metabolic pathways?

Citric acid cycle, glycolysis, urea cycle

True or false?


Enzymes can only catalyze one specific reaction.

True. It is referred to as the "lock and key model."

In the lock and key model, what is the enzyme and what is the substrate?

The enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key.

Where does the substrate bind to the enzyme?

the active site

When an enzyme undergoes a change in shape in order to fit into the active site, what is it called?

induced fit

What is the Enzyme Catalyst 3 step process?

1. Initiation


2. Transition state facilitation


3. Termination

What happens during initiation?

Reactants are oriented to react by enzymes as the reactants bind to the active sites

What happens during transition state facilitation?

-Binding induced the format of the transition state


-The interaction between the enzyme and the substrate lowers the activation energy required for the reaction

What happens during termination?

-The products have less affinity for the active site and are released


-Enzyme returns to original shape (they cannot be used up)

What factors affect enzymes?

-Substrate concentrations


-Temperature


-pH

What is substrate concentration and how does it affect an enzyme?

Substrate concentration is the increased amount of substrate molecules that cause the product to be created faster as the active site is constantly filled up.

How does temperature affect the substrate and the enzyme interaction?

The higher the temperature, the increased enzyme activity. The movement of the molecule is faster, thus more collisions and a sped up reaction.

What happens if the temperature rises passed a certain point?

The enzyme is denatured.

Define denatured

This is when the shape of the enzyme has been altered so that it may no longer combine with the substrate.

How does pH affect an enzyme?

It can change the shape of it, which denatures it.

What are enzyme cofactors?

Atoms or molecules that are required for the enzyme to function.

Coenzymes do what?

They bind to the active site to stabilize the transition state during the reaction

What is competitive inhibition?

It is when another molecule shaped very similarly to the shape of the active site compete with the true substrate for the active site.

What is non-competitive inhibition?

This is when a molecule bind to a different part of the enzyme called the allosteric site that alters the enzyme shape making the substrate unable to bind to the active site.

Poisons are usually examples of what?

Enzyme inhibitors

What does Penicillin do to an active site of an enzyme?

It blocks it, making the bacteria unable to bind with the active site