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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Horomone
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produced in one part of the body, travel the blood stream to another
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Endocrine system and type of feedback?
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system of endocrine glands (which secrete hormones), is under negative feedback
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Paracrine signaling
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local regulation of cells by other cells
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Autocrine signaling
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cell signals itself
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Synaptic signaling
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neurotransmitters diffuse over synapse, binding to receptors on target cells
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Neuroendocrine signaling
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neurohoromes travel through blood stream to reach target cells
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Pheromones
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airborne sex attractants
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Osmoconformer
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does not actively adjust internal osmolarity due to being about isotonic with external environment
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Osmoregulator
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animal has to actively adjust its internal osmolarity
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Stenohaline
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low tolerance to salt
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Euryhaline
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wide tolerance to salt
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Anhydrobiosis
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state of dormancy when to tolerate desiccation as habitat dries up
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Nephron
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a counter current multiplier system where energy is expended to create a concentration gradient
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(Problems with kidney)
a. Blood in urine b. Glomerulitis c. Uremia d. Diabetes insipidus |
a. trauma or over exercise
b. glomeruli are damaged c. nitrogenous wastes accumulate in blood and tissues d. insufficient or lack of sensitivity to ADH |
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Fragmentation
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pieces breaking off from organism and forming a new organism
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Parthenogenesis
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offspring from eggs that have not been fertilized
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Hermaphroditism
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female and male parts in one animal
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External fertillization
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happens outside of body, usually in a water environment
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Internal fertilization
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happens within body
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Gonads
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ovaries, testes
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Oviparity
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yolk provides nourishment to young
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Ovoviviparity
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fertilized eggs retained in mom to complete development, but young obtain all nourishment from the egg yolk
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Viviparous
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young obtains nourishment directly from mom's blood
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Seminiferous tubules
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where spermatogenesis occurs
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Steroli (sustentacular) cells
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phagocytize cytoplasm of sperm and produce androgen binding protein
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Androgen
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male hormone that binds testosterone to testes
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Leydig (interstitial) cells
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secrete testosterone
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Epididymus
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sperm become motile and able to fertilize the ova. Reside here prior to ejaculation
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Vas deferens
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muscular, transports sperm to urethra
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Seminal vesicles
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secrete fructose, the major nutrient for sperm. Also factors that increase sperm motility and survival
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prostate gland
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secretes alkaline fluid
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Bulbourethral glands
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secretes small amounts of alkaline fluid
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Dopamine
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involved when love first starts
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Oxytocin and vasopressin
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linked to long term love
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Oral contraceptive
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birth control pills
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Implants (levonorgestral, Norplant)
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pills inserted under skin that are effective within 24 hours and last up to 5 years
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Intrauterine device and cervical cap
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item to block sperm from entering the uterus
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Foams, creams, spermicides
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applied to eradicate sperm
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Vasectomy
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cutting of the vas deferens preventing sperm from entering the seminal stream
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Tubal ligation
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fallopian tubes are severed to prevent eggs from entering the uterus
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Fertilization
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sperm must migrate through coat of follicle cells that surround secondary oocyte (cumulus mass)
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Zona pellucida
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glycoprotein layer that surrounds oocyte
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Meroblastic
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incomplete cleavage as reptiles/ birds
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Holoblastic
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complete cleavage as in amphibians and mammals having little yolk
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Vegetal pole
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part of embyro that becomes yolk
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Animal pole
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part of embryo that becomes animal
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Ectoderm becomes.....
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skin, nervous system
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Endoderm becomes.....
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digestive and respiratory systems
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mesoderm becomes.....
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circulatory system, excretory system, reproductive system, skeletal system
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Hox genes (Organogenesis)
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establishes anteroposterior axis
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Fetal stage
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begins when the animal looks like what its going to become
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Cell adhesion
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glycoprotein fibers of extracellular matrix functions as tracks, directing migrating cells along routes
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Induction
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cells chemically influence gene expression in other cells
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Placental lactogen (placental hormone)
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supports fetal bone development, breast development
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Relaxin (placental hormone)
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promotes angiogenesis (blood vessel formation)
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Peritubular capillaries found in...
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renal cortex
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Vasa Recta capillaries found in...
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renal medulla
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Antidiuretic hormone is produced by... and released by...and what does it do?
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produced by hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary, increases water channels in membranes of collecting duct cells
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