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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
The study of structure and form |
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Physiology |
The study of function of the body parts |
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Metabolism |
The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur within the body. (Change) |
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Catabolic |
Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (Casting down) |
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Anabolic |
Small molecules are joined to form larger molecules (Raising up) |
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Epithelium Tissue |
Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities |
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Connective Tissue |
Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs |
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Muscle Tissue |
Produces movement |
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Nervous Tissue |
Conducts nerve impulses for communication |
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Organs |
Contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions |
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Organ system |
Contains related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function |
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Organism |
The living being |
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Anatomical Position |
Individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor, the upper limbs are at the sides of the body, and the palms face anteriorly(toward the front); the head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer |
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Superior |
Closer to the head *relative to the head or bottom of the body* Ex: The chest is superior to the pelvis |
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Inferior |
Closer to the feet *relative to the head or bottom of the body* Ex: The stomach is inferior to the heart |
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Anterior |
In front of; toward the front surface *relative to front (belly side) or back of the body* Ex: The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord |
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Posterior |
In back of; toward the back surface *relative to front (belly side) or back of the body* Ex: The heart is posterior to the sternum |
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Medial |
Toward the midline of the body *relative to the midline or center of the body* Ex: The lungs are medial to the shoulders |
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Lateral |
Away from the midline of the body *relative to the midline or center of the body* Ex: The arms are lateral to the heart |
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Proximal |
Closer to point of attachment to trunk. Nearer to the trunk. *relative to point of attachment of appendage* Ex: The elbow is proximal to the hand |
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Distal |
Farther away from point of attachment to trunk. Farther from the trunk. *relative to point of attachment of appendage* Ex: The wrist is distal to the elbow |
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Superficial |
On the outside. *relative to the midline or center of the body* Ex: The skin is superficial to the biceps brachii muscle |
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Deep |
On the inside, internal to another structure *relative to the midline or center of the body* Ex: The heart is deep to the rib cage |
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Visceral layer |
Covers the external surface of the organs (collectively called the viscera) within that cavity |
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Parietal layer |
Typically lines the internal surface of the body wall |
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Midsagittal Plane (median plane) |
A vertical plane and divides the body or organ into left and right halves |
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Sagittal (or parasagittal) plane |
Divides a structure into left and right portions that are not equal. A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane. An infinite number of sagittal planes are possible. |
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Transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal) plane |
Divides the body or organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts. If a transverse plane is taken through the middle of the trunk, the superior portion contains the chest and the inferior portion contains the abdomen. |
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Coronal (frontal) plane |
A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. When a coronal plane is taken through the trunk, the anterior portion contains the chest and the posterior portion contains the back and buttocks. |
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Oblique planes |
Pass through a structure at an angle |
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Cranial Cavity (endocranium) |
Formed by the bones of the cranium. The cranial cavity houses the brain. |
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Vertebral canal |
Formed by the bones of the vertebral column. The vertebral canal houses the spinal cord. |
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Posterior (dorsal) cavity |
Is different from the ventral cavity. Contains cavities that are completely encased in bone and are physically and developmentally different from the ventral cavity. The term dorsal body cavity has been used by others to describe this posterior aspect, but is no used here because of these differences between the ventral cavity and posterior aspect. The posterior aspect is subdivided into two enclosed cavities. |
