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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three functions of the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? |
The three functions of this system are:
1. Transport 2. Defense 3. Digestion/absorption |
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What happens to fluid after leaving capillaries?
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This enters tissue after leaving capillaries.
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How much fluid leaves capillaries per day?
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2-4 L/day of this enters tissue after leaving here.
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What's in the fluid that leaves capillaries? (3+)
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This contains plasma proteins, electolytes, nutrients, etc.
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Where does fluid go when it enters tissue?
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This fluid is collected from tissues and returned to blood through lymphatic system.
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How does the lymphatic system play a role in defense?
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This system aids the immune system.
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Where does fluid pass before returning to the blood?
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Fluid passes through lymph nodes before returning here.
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What do lymph nodes do to fluid?
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These screen fluid for pathogens.
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What attacks pathogens in the lymph nodes?
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Leukocytes attack pathogens in this part of the lymphatic system.
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How does the lymphatic system aid digestion/absorption?
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The lymphatic system aids this process by absorbing some lipids from small intestines that are not absorbed by blood.
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What are the four components of the lymphatic system?
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The four components of this system are:
1. lymph 2. lymphatic vessels 3. lymphatic tissue 4. lymphatic organs |
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What is lymph?
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This the the fluid removed from tissues.
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What are lymphatic vessels?
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These transport the lymph.
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What is lymphatic tissue?
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This is little balls of lymphocytes and macrophages all over the body.
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What are lymphatic organs?
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These are lymph nodes and some large organs.
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What's lymph look look?
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This is a clear, colorless fluid.
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How is lymph like plasma?
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This is similar to blood plasma but less protein (therefore less yellow).
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What blood cells does lymph contain?
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This fluid contains some leukocytes, but no rbc's or platelets.
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What bad stuff can lymph contain?
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This can contain pathogens.
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What is the movement of fluid on it's way to the lymphatic system? (3)
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1. plasma
2. tissue (interstitial) fluid 3. lymph is the movement of this in the body. |
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What drives fluid flow?
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This is driven by osmotic pressure.
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How are lymphatic vessels like/ not like veins? (1 / 2)
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Lymphatic vessels are like these due to
1. no a lot of smooth muscle and not like these due to 1. thinner walls 2. more valves |
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What's the smallest lymphatic vessel?
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Lymphatic capillaries are the smallest ones of these.
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In what tissues can you find lymphatic capillaries?
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You find these lymphatic vessels in all tissues except CNS.
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What is special about the end of a lymphatic capillary?
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The end of this lymphatic vessel is closed.
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How come more fluid is transported through walls of lymphatic capillary than blood capillaries?
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There's more of this b/c lymphatic capillaries are more permeable.
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Which direction does fluid go with lymphatic capillaries?
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Fluid always moves into these vessels from surround tissue.
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What are the four lymphatic vessels?
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1. lymphatic capillaries
2. collecting vessels 3. lymphatic trunks 4. collecting ducts are the four types of these. |
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What do capillaries converge into?
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These converge into collecting vessels.
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Where do collecting vessels often run?
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These vessels often run along arteries and veins.
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What are collecting vessels often associated with? Why?
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These vessels are often associated with lymph nodes, to filter lymph.
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What do collecting vessels converge into?
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These converge in lymphatic trunks.
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What do lymphatic trunks drain?
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These each drain a major part of the body.
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What do lymphatic trunks converge into?
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These converge into collecting ducts.
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How many collecting ducts are there? What are they?
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There are only two of these lymphatic vessels:
1. Right lymphatic duct 2. Left lymphatic duct |
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Where does the Right lymphatic duct bring lymph from? (4)
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This vessels brings lymph form right side of the
1. head 2. neck 3. arm 4. thorax |
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Where does the Right lymphatic duct empty?
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This vessels empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
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What is another name for the Left lymphatic duct?
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This is also called
Thoracic Duct. |
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Which collecting duct is larger?
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The thoracic duct is the larger one of these.
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Where does the thoracic duct bring fluid from? (5)
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This vessel collecting fluid from:
1. left arm 2. left side of thorax 3. head 4. neck 5. whole body below the diaphragm |
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Where does the thoracic duct empty?
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This vessel empties into the L. subclavian vein.
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What is lymphatic tissue? (2)
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This is pockets of lymphocytes and lymphatic nodules.
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Where is some of the more diffuse pockets of lymphatic tissue? (2)
Esp. found where? |
Pockets of lymphocytes in
mucous membranes and connective tissue all over the body is where you find this. Esp. in parts of body open to outside. |
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What are lymphatic nodules?
Where are they found? |
These are larger oval massis of lymphocytes.
Found all over the body. |
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What are the four lymphatic organs?
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The four of this kind of organ are:
1. lymph nodes 2. tonsils 3. thymus 4. spleen |
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How many and where are the lymph nodes?
Where do they run? |
There are hundreds of these organs all of the body.
Then run along lymphatic vessels. |
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Where do lymph nodes tend to concentrate (3)?
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These organs tend to concentrate in certain areas:
axillary cervical inguinal |
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What may happen to lymph nodes during infection of that area of the body?
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These may become swollen and painful when there's an infection.
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What size and shape are lymph nodes?
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These organs are oval or bean shaped, and smaller than one inch.
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What is a lymph node enclosed in?
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This organ is enclosed in a (green) fibrous capsule that extends into its interior.
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What's on the inside of a lymph node? (3)
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Interior of this organ is filled with
1. reticular fibers 2. lymphocytes 3. macrophages |
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What are the four steps of lymph in regard to the lymph node?
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This fluid:
1. goes in afferent vessel 2. macrophages phagocytize bacteria and debris 3. lymphocytes produce antibodies against pathogens 4. cleansed lymph flows out efferent vessels |
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How many lymph nodes does lymph pass through before returning to blood?
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Lymph passes through several lymph nodes before returning here.
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What do lymph nodes produce many of?
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These organs produce many lymphocytes.
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What are tonsils?
What's their functional purpose? |
Patches of lymphatic tissue guarding the entrance to the pharynx.
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What organs is full of lymphocytes and sit at the entrance of pharynx?
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Tonsils are full of these and sit here.
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What are the three main sets of tonsils?
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The three main sets of these are:
1. palatine 2. lingual 3. pharyngeal |
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Where are the palatine tonsils?
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These organs are at the back of the oral cavity.
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What are the largest tonsils?
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The palatine tonsils are this size.
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Which tonsils often get infections?
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Palatine tonsils get these a lot.
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What tonsils are removed in a tonsillectomy?
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Palatine tonsils are removed in this procedure.
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Where are lingual tonsils?
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These organs are at base of tongue.
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Where are pharyngeal tonsils?
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These organs are in throat.
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How do inhaled and ingested pathogens get into the tonsils?
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These get into the tonsils through crypts.
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What are crypts?
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These are small canals entering the tonsils.
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What happens to pathogens in nodules?
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Here, pathogens are attacked by lymphocytes.
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What organ is the "nursery" and "school" for T cells?
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The Thymus is the "nursery" and "school" for these cells.
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As what two types of glands does the Thymus function?
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This organ functions as
1. lymph gland 2. endocrine gland |
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Where is the thymus?
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This organ is in the superior mediastinum, posterior, anterior to aortic arch.
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When is the thymus largest?
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This organ is largest in fetus and child.
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What happens to the thymus at age 14?
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This organ begins to shrink at 14.
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What organ is almost gone my old age?
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Thymus is almost gone by this time.
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What lives in the Thymus?
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This organ is home for most developing lymphocytes.
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What are lymphocytes often called if they develop in the thymus?
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These are ofter called thymocytes if they develop in the thymus
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What do the hormones secreted by the thymus stimulate the development of?
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Hormones secreted by this organ stimulate the development of T cells (lymphocytes)
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What does the thymus 'teach' T cells to distinguish between?
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The thymus 'teaches' these cells to distinguish between pathogens and body cells.
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What is essential for the development of the immune system?
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The thymus is essential for the development of this system.
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What is the largest lymphatic organ?
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Spleen is the largest one of these.
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What two types of tissue does the spleen contain?
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This organ has:
1. red pulp 2. white pulp |
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What's red pulp of the spleen full of?
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This in the spleen is full of erythrocytes.
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How does the spleen serve erythrocytes?
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This organ serves as a reservoir for rbc's.
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What does the spleen do to old rbc's?
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The spleen filters out these, captures and destroys them
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What's white pulp full of?
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This in the spleen is full of lymphocytes and macrophages.
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Lymph flows in and out of what in the spleen?
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This fluid flows in and out of white pulp.
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What is white pulp similar to?
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This part of the spleen is similar to lymph nodes.
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What is essential for the development of the immune system?
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The thymus is essential for the development of this system.
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What is the largest lymphatic organ?
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Spleen is the largest one of these.
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What two types of tissue does the spleen contain?
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This organ has:
1. red pulp 2. white pulp |
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What's red pulp of the spleen full of?
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This in the spleen is full of erythrocytes.
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How does the spleen serve erythrocytes?
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This organ serves as a reservoir for rbc's.
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What does the spleen do to old rbc's?
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The spleen filters out these, captures and destroys them
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What's white pulp full of?
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This in the spleen is full of lymphocytes and macrophages.
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Lymph flows in and out of what in the spleen?
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This fluid flows in and out of white pulp.
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What is white pulp similar to?
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This part of the spleen is similar to lymph nodes.
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