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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomy?
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Study of form
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What is physiology?
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Study of function
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What is gross anatomy?
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You can see it without magnification
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What is microanatomy?
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Too small to see with the naked eye
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What are the 8 steps of the scientific method?
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1.Observe
2. Ask questions 3. Collect data 4. Form hypothesis 5. Experiment 6. Tabulate Results 7. Form Conclusions 8. Share |
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What does it mean to "control for bias"?
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So that the experimenter will not in any way, consciously or unconsciously effect the results of the experiment
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What is a placebo experiment?
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a method of research in which an inactive substance (a placebo) is given to one group of participants, while the treatment (usually a drug or vaccine) being tested is given to another group
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What is a blind experiment?
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When subject is not aware of which group (controlled or study) they are in
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What is a double blind experiment?
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When the experimenter and subjects are not aware which groups subjects are in.
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What is applied research?
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Research done for a specific purpose, such as finding a cure for cancer.
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What is basic research?
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Research done for the sake of finding out more information.
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What is a scientific fact?
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Information that can be proven by any trained person; something that will happen over and over again.
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What is a scientific law?
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The result of inductive reasoning based on repeated, confirmed observations. They DESCRIBE nature.
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What is a scientific theory?
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An explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws and confirmed hypotheses. Suggests directions for further study and to help predict what the findings should be if the theory is correct.
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How do theories differ from layperson (average person) definitions?
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Layperson tend to use the word theory for what a scientist would call a hypothesis.
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What are the 11 characteristics of life?
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1. Organization
2. Cellular Composition 3. Metabolism 4. Responsiveness 5. Movement 6. Homeostasis 7. Development 8. Differentiation 9. Growth 10. Reproduction 11. Evolution |
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Which is true regarding the scientific method?
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It is important to control for bias when developing your hypothesis
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In order for a hypothesis to be considered "scientific," one must be able to specify a test that would prove it to be incorrect. What is this principle called?
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Falsifiability
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People unfamiliar with science use the term "theory" in the same way a scientist uses which term?
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Hypothesis
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A substance has been discovered deep in the Antarctic ice caps. Which of the characteristics below would NOT be required to indicate it was living?
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The cells must require oxygen to survive
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What is hypertrophy?
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A cell getting bigger
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What is hyperplasia?
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When the number of cells increase by cell division
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If a tissue grows by increasing the size of the cells that compose it, it is said to have undergone what?
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Hypertrophy
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What do scientists call metabolic reactions that release energy by breaking down molecules?
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Catabolic: cats always FALL DOWN!!!
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What do scientists call metabolic reactions that release energy by building up molecules?
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Anabolic: ants can BUILD UP dirt hills!!!
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Human beings reproduce sexually but single-celled typically undergo asexual reproduction.
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True
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What is hypertrophy?
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When one individual cell gets bigger
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What is hyperplasia?
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growth by cell division
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What are anabolic reactions?
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Releases energy by building up molecules from smaller components. Ants BUILD UP dirt hills!!!
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What are catabolic reactions?
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Releases energy by breaking down molecules into simpler ones. Cats FALL DOWN!!!
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What is afference?
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A nerve carrying a message toward the central nervous system.
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What is efference?
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Conveying or conducting away from an organ or part.
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What are somatic senses?
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Found all over the body: touch, pressure, pain, temperature; anything not including 5 senses besides touch
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What are special senses?
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Sensor receptors: taste, sight, hearing, smell, balance. 5 senses (-)touch (+)balance
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What is sexual production?
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Two cells contribute half of their cells to create a "daughter" cell
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What is asexual reproduction?
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Cell division, hyperplasion
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What is natural selection?
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Individuals within a species that have hereditary advantages over their competitors that enable them to produce more offspring. Survival of the fittest.
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Who is Darwin?
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1. Ship's naturalists on the HMS Beagle
2. "On the Origin of Species" |
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What were Darwin's 4 observations?
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1. Variations within species (mutations in DNA)
2. Variations are "heritable" (Genetic) 3. All organisms have great potential to produce 4. Competition altered by variations |
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What is homeostasis?
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Ability to maintain a constant internal environment
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What is negative feedback?
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DOMINANT! The process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that reverse it. Ex. Shivering and sweating, room temperature
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What is positive feedback?
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A self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction. Often a normal way of producing rapid change. Ex. Birth and high fevers
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When the homeostatic environments in which proteins normally function are changed (i.e. through temperature or pH alterations) there is a strong possibility that the protein might break down and no longer function. This is called _________________.
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denaturation
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Molecules, like phospholipids, which have both regions that repel water (hydrophobic) and regions that are attracted to water (hydrophilic), are called _______________.
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amphiphilic
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Which is the primary component of olive oil?
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Lipid
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Which is the primary component of pasta?
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Carbohydrate
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Which is the primary short-term energy transfer molecule for cellular reactions?
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Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
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Enzymes are usually made of which?
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Protein
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Which is composed of monosaccharides?
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Carbohydrate
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Which is composed of amino acids?
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Protein
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Water molecules are attracted to each other through ______________ bonds.
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Hydrogen
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________________ is the primary molecule synthesized in mammals to store glucose for future use.
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Glycogen
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