Bio 105 Endocrine System

Front 1

What is function of endocrine system ?

Back 1

regulate and control other systems and maintain homeostasis.

release hormones which travel through th body to target cells.

Front 2

what is a hormone?

Back 2

chemical messengers thatare secreted by one cell and travels toanother cell and affects other only thetarget cells that have the correct receptor.

Front 3

What does target cells have ?

Back 3

receptors that bind the hormones.

Front 4

hormone VS neurostrasmitter similarities ?

Back 4

ES and NS both controlled by negative feedback

ES and NS work together to maintain homeostasis.

Front 5

Where is neurotransmitters located

Back 5

localized to nerve synapse

Front 6

How long does it take for neurotransmitters to act ?

Back 6

quick acting

Front 7

How long does it take for neurotransmitter to last ?

Back 7

taken away quickly

Front 8

Where are hormones located?

Back 8

distribute throughout the body in blood stream

Front 9

How long does it take for hormones to act?

Back 9

slow to act

Front 10

How long does hormones last?

Back 10

remains longer in body

Front 11

What are two types of hormone?

Back 11

Water Soluble ( hydrophilic )

Lipis Soluble ( hydrophobic )

Front 12

Amino acid and Polypeptides are which type of hormones ?

Back 12

water soluble

Front 13

What does adrenal gland release into blood stream ?

Back 13

epinephrine

Front 14

What does water soluble hormone bind to ?

Back 14

receptor on the surface of the target cells.

Front 15

Secondary messenger

Back 15

binding of the hormone epinephrine to the receptor triggers the formation of secondary messenger.

Front 16

Does water soluble hormones pass through plasma membrane ?

Back 16

No. because they are Hydrophilic

Front 17

Steroid hormones

Back 17

similar to cholesterol

They are lipids

Ex: estrogen and testorsterone

Front 18

Are steroid hydrophilic or hydrophobic ?

Back 18

Hydrophobic

Front 19

Can steroids freely cross the plasma membrane?

Back 19

yes

Front 20

steroid are example of which hormones ?

Back 20

lipid soluble ( hydrophobic)

able to pass through

Front 21

What does hormone bind to for lipid soluble hormones inside the cell ?

Back 21

receptor

Front 22

What does hormones complex receptor bind to ?

Back 22

DNA in the nucleus and activated the transcription of DNE to make mRNA

Front 23

Hypothalmus

Back 23

regulates the internal environment through autonomic nervous system

controls glandular secretion of pituitary gland

Front 24

What are functions of hypothalamus ?

Back 24

controls heartbeat , body temperature and water balance.

Front 25

What does hypothalamus produces ?

Back 25

ADH , oxytocin , hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Front 26

A diuretic will make your urine more:

Back 26

diluted

Front 27

An antidiuretic will make your urine more

Back 27

concentrated

Front 28

What does neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus produces ?

Back 28

ADH and oxytocin

Front 29

ADh and oxytocin are stores in ?

Back 29

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Front 30

Function of ADH ?

Back 30

regulate water absorption in the kidneys

target : kidneys

Front 31

What is Diabetes insipidus ?

Back 31

deficiency of ADH

Front 32

What is effects of Diabetes insipidus ?

Back 32

results in excessive urine production, dehydration

Front 33

What is treatment of Diabetes Insipidus ?

Back 33

synthetic ADH

Front 34

What is function of oxytocin ?

Back 34

stimulate urine contraction during childbirth and milk release

Front 35

What is Target of Oxytocin ?

Back 35

Uterus and mammary gland

Front 36

What is pitocin ?

Back 36

synthetic form or OT, given to induce labor

Front 37

What does hypothalamic releasing hormone stimulate ?

Back 37

stimulate anterior pituitary glad to release the hormones

Front 38

What does hypothalamic inhibiting hormones inhibit ?

Back 38

inhibit anterior pituitary gland from releasing its hormone.

Front 39

What does anterior pituitary gland produces ?

Back 39

TSH , ACTH , FSH and LH , prolactin and growth hormone.

Front 40

What does posterior gland receives from hypothalamus ?

Back 40

ADH and oxytocin .

stores and releases these hormones.

Front 41

What is function of Thyroid stimulating hormone ?

Back 41

stimulate thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

Front 42

Where is TSH produced

Back 42

Anterior Pituitary

Front 43

What is target of TSH ?

Back 43

Thyroid gland

Front 44

What if function of adrenocorticotropic hormone ?

Back 44

stimulate adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

Front 45

Where is ACTH produced ?

Back 45

Anterior Pituitary

Front 46

What is target of ACTH ?

Back 46

adrenal cortex

Front 47

What are Gonadotropis hormones ?

Back 47

stimulate gonads to produce gametes and hormone

Front 48

What is Follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) ?

Back 48

stimulate gamete development in males and females

Front 49

What is Lutenizing Hormone ( LH )?

Back 49

stimulate ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males

Front 50

What is function of Prolactin ?

Back 50

causes mammary glands to develop and produce milk

Front 51

Where does PRL is produced by ?

Back 51

Anterior Pituitary

Front 52

What is target of Prolaction ( PRL )

Back 52

mammary gland

Front 53

What is function of growth hormone ?

Back 53

promotes skeletal and muscular growth

Front 54

Growth hormone is is produced by ?

Back 54

anterior Pituitary

Front 55

What is target of Growth hormone?

Back 55

bone , muscles and cartilage

Front 56

What is Gigantism ?

Back 56

too much GH during childhood results in rapid growth

Front 57

What is Acromegaly ?

Back 57

too much GH in adulthood can result in thickening of the bones of the extremities and face and tongue

Front 58

What is Pituitary dwarfism ?

Back 58

Insufficient GH production results in sterility and max height of 4ft.

Front 59

What is treatment os Pit. Dwarfism ?

Back 59

administer GH during childhood

Front 60

Where is Thyroid gland located ?

Back 60

below larynx and requires iodine to make hormones.

Front 61

What does thyroid gland produces ?

Back 61

Thyroid hormone : Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronin (T3)

Calcitonin

Front 62

What are thyroid hormone ?

Back 62

regulates metabolism by stimulating protein synthesis , breakdown of lipids and the use of glucose of the production of ATP.

Front 63

What does Thyroid hormone target ?

Back 63

most cells in the body

Front 64

What is simple Goiter ?

Back 64

Enlarged Thyroid gland

Front 65

What causes simple goiter ?

Back 65

diet deficient in the iodine, which is needed in production of TH

Front 66

What is treatment of simple goiter ?

Back 66

iodine supplements or administration of Th

Front 67

What is Cretinism ?

Back 67

dwarfism and delayed mental ans sexual development

Front 68

What is cause of cretinism

Back 68

too little TH during fetal development or infancy

Front 69

What is treatment of Cretinism ?

Back 69

Adminitser TH

Front 70

What id Myxedema ?

Back 70

fluid in facial tissues and decrease in alertness , body temp and HR.

Front 71

What causes Myxedema?

Back 71

Too little TH in adulthood

Front 72

What is treatment of Myxedema ?

Back 72

administer TH

Front 73

What is grave's disease ?

Back 73

autoimmune disorder due to the production of antibodies that mimic the action

Front 74

What does grave's disease caused by

Back 74

oversecreation of TH

Front 75

What are symptoms of grave's disease ?

Back 75

increased metabolic rate , HR , sweating , nervousness , and weight loss

Expothalmus

Front 76

What is treatment of Grave's Disease ?

Back 76

Drug that blocks the synthesis of TH

thyroid glans may be reduced by surgery or radioactive iodine

Front 77

What is calcitonin?

Back 77

lowers blood calcium levels

Front 78

What are target for calcitonin?

Back 78

Bones : stimulates osteoblasts to deposit calcium

Kidneys : stimulates kidneys to excrete more calcium in the urine

Front 79

Where is parathyroid gland ?

Back 79

embedded in lobes of thyroid glans

Front 80

What does PTHG secrete?

Back 80

Parathyroid hormone.

Front 81

What is function of PTH?

Back 81

functionsto increase blood calcium levels

Front 82

Wbat is target of PTH ?

Back 82

Bone: Stimulates the osteoclasts (type of bone cell) to release calcium

Kidneys: Stimulates the kidneys toreabsorb calcium

Intestine: Stimulates the intestine toincrease absorption of calcium.

Front 83

What happens when calcium level is too low in blood?

Back 83

PTH is released from parathyroid gland

Front 84

What are effects of PTH ?

Back 84

 bone to release calcium

 kidney to reabsorb calcium

 intestine to absorb more calcium

Front 85

What is target of thyroxine?

Back 85

most cells in the body

Front 86

What happens when calcium if too high in blood ?

Back 86

CT is released from thyroid gland

Front 87

What is effect of CT ?

Back 87

cause:

bone to deposit calcium

Kidneys to excrete more calcium

Front 88

Calcium lowers or raises the bloods calcium level ?

Back 88

lowers

Front 89

Calcitonin is produced by

Back 89

Thyroid

Front 90

Where are adrenal glands located ?

Back 90

sit on top of the kidneys.

Front 91

What is adrenal medulla controlled by ?

Back 91

controlled by nerves from hypothalamus

Front 92

What is adrenal cortex controlled by ?

Back 92

controlled by ACTH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Front 93

Adrenal Medulla Hormone:

Epinephrine:

Back 93

prepares the body for quick action

Fight or flight/ short term response to stress

Front 94

What is effects of epinephrine?

Back 94

Increased BP , HR , BS levels

Front 95

Adrenal cortex hormones:

Back 95

Mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids

Front 96

What does Mineralocorticoids effect?

Back 96

mineral homeostasis and water balance.

Front 97

What is example of mineralcorticotoids?

Back 97

aldosterone

Front 98

What is effect of aldosterone ?

Back 98

promote renal absorption of NA and renal excretion of K

Increase BP

Front 99

What is target of aldosterone ?

Back 99

kidneys

Front 100

What is Glucocorticoids ?

Back 100

influence carb, protein , and fat metabolism , suppress immune system

Front 101

what is example of Glucocorticoids ?

Back 101

cortisol

Front 102

What is effects of cortisol ?

Back 102

affect glucose homeostasis

inhibit the inflammatory response

Front 103

What effect does the presence of epinephrine have on blood pressure ?

Back 103

increases blood pressure

Front 104

Which of the following affects the adrenal cortex?

Back 104

ACTH

Front 105

The complex carbohydrate stored in human is ?

Back 105

Glycogen

Front 106

Where is glycogen stores in body ?

Back 106

muscle and liver

Front 107

Which of the following glands secretes cortisol ?

Back 107

adrenal cortex

Front 108

pancreas

Back 108

pancreas hormone : Pancreatic Islets

Regulate BS level through glucagon and insulin

Front 109

Glucagon

Back 109

raises blood glucose levels of the blood.

Front 110

What is target and effect of glucagon ?

Back 110

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and to form glucose from lactic acid.

Front 111

What is insulin ?

Back 111

lowers blood glucose levels of the blood.

Front 112

What is target and effect of glucose :

Back 112

transport glucose to muscle cells , WBC and connective tissue cells.

Liver : breakdown of glycogen to glucose

amino and fatty acid to glucose.

Adipose tissue : formation os triglyc. from glucose.

Front 113

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 113

lack of insulin or inABILITY OF CELLS TO RESPOND TO INSULIN AS THEY SHOULD

Front 114

DM 1 :

Back 114

pancreas not producing enough insulin

Front 115

DM 2

Back 115

inability to respond to insulin ( not enough insulin receptors)

Front 116

What type of insulin caused by lack of insulin ?

Back 116

Type 1

Front 117

Glucagon Lowers or raises the blood glucose levels .

Back 117

raises