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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by the expression, "energy runs downhill"?
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"energy runs downhill" means that energy will always go from more concentrated to less.
like a music box, you must use energy to wind the spring and it will go until it runs out of energy (and, of course, it wont rewind itself) |
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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energy is neither created or destroyed, rather it is only transformed
total energy in the universe is constant and for every energy transformation some of the energy is converted into heat ...energy is "lost" as heat ...goes from orderend, concentrated energy to disordered, dispersed energy (breaking chemical bonds, like coal) |
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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the distribution of energy in the universe over time goes from a state of order to a state of disorder
with every energy transformation, some energy will be disordered/form heat increase in entropy |
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define energy
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the potential to do work
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what is potential energy?
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stored energy
"rock on top of a hill" |
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what is kinetic energy?
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energy in motion
"rock tumbling down the hill" |
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What is entropy?
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entropy is the measure of the amount of disorder in a system
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True or false: entropy can be used to perform work
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FALSE!
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How does entropy increase?
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thru a transaction, so the end result would have the most entropy and the beginning would have the last amount of energy
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How does a steam engine work?
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In a steam engine, coal is burned to bring energy out of the coal through breaking carbon covalent bonds. this energy boils the above water to transform the chemical bond energy into heat energy. the steam then travels through the pipes and turns a piston drive flywheel to create mechanical energy.
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What is happening to energy with the work of a steam engine? Entropy?
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Energy is locked up in chemical bonds, then is transformed into heat and then mechanical energy, so the total energy remains constant (and is only transformed). Entropy, however, increases with each step.
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How do living things increase disorder in the universe?
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living things increase disorder (entropy) in the universe through heat production. They create heat with everything they do, including growing and creating cells.
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How do living things incrase local order within the organism?
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Living things can bring about local incrases in orderr (in themselves) through using the energy that ultimately came from the sun (food)
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What is an exergonic reaction?
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breakdown operations, get energy out
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What are some characteristics of an exergonic reaction?
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more energy in products that reactants
requires energy not spontaneous entropy decreases |
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What is an endergonic reaction?
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buildup of atoms, put energy in
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what is a coupled reaction?
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a chemical reaction in which an exergonic reaction powers an endergonic reaction. living things operate thru an endless series of coupled reactions
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how is atp an energy transport molecule?
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plays the part of a "middle man" by getting energy from food and then using that energy to power the actions in a human.
it is the carrier or energy needed to power numerous chemical reactions in a living organism |
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how is ATP a part of a coupled reaction?
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atp turns into adp when the outermost phosphate group is broken and separates from atp. this releases energy and then the adp pics up another phosphate group, becoming atp again. this is an endergonic linked to an exergonic reaction
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why are enzymes so critical to living organisms?
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enzymes catalyze nearly every chemical process in living organisms
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