Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
organic chemistry
|
branch of chemistry that studies compounds associated with living organisms (most Carbon containing compounds)
|
|
|
inorganic chemistry
|
branch of chemistry that studies compounds that are not associated with living organisms
|
|
|
organic molecules
|
a molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen
|
|
|
carbon skeleton / backbone
|
the carbon chain of an inorganic molecule
|
|
|
functional group
|
a specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton it is attached to
|
|
|
polymer
|
macromolecule consisting of many covalent bonded subunits (monomers)
|
|
|
monomer
|
small organic molecule that is a polymer
|
|
|
dehydration reaction
|
chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond and the loss of a water molecule
|
|
|
hydrolysis reaction
|
the splitting of a covalent bond due to the addition of a water molecule
|
|
|
carbohydrate
|
class of organic compound that includes monosaccharides, and polysaccarides
|
|
|
monosaccharide
|
a carbohydrate consisting of only one sugar molecule
|
|
|
hexose
|
term for any six carbon sugar
|
|
|
glucose
|
six carbon sugar that is produced during photosynthesis and broken down during cellular respiration
|
|
|
pentose
|
term for any five carbon sugar
|
|
|
ribose
|
five carbon sugar found in the nucleic acid of RNA
|
|
|
deoxyribose
|
five carbon sugar found in the nucleic acid of DNA
|
|
|
polysaccharide
|
a polymer of monosaccharides, also called complex carbohydrates
|
|
|
starch
|
polysaccharide used by plants to store energy in the form of glucose
|
|
|
glycogen
|
polysaccharide used by animals to store energy in the form of glucose
|
|
|
cellulose
|
the structural polysaccharide of plants
|
|
|
chitin
|
a structural polysaccharide for fungi and some animals
|
|
|
peptidoglycan
|
the structural polysaccharide in bacteria
|
|
|
lipid
|
a class of organic compounds that is insoluble in water
|
|
|
glycerol
|
a basic building block of triglycerides made from a 3 carbon carbohydrate with 3 attached hydroxyl groups
|
|
|
fatty acid
|
molecule that contains a carbon chain and ends with an acid (carboxyl) functional group
|
|
|
saturated fatty acid
|
a fatty acid with no double bonds between its carbon atoms
|
|
|
unsaturated fatty acid
|
a fatty acid with no double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain
|
|
|
triglycerides
|
a fat or oil composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
|
|
|
phospholipid
|
a lipid molecule that has a polar hydrophilic head bonded to two non-polar hydrophilic tails
|
|
|
steroid
|
a lipid molecule consisting of a complex of four fused carbon rings
|
|
|
wax
|
a waterproof lipid consisting of long chains of fatty acids bonded with long chain alcohols
|
|
|
protein
|
a molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides
|
|
|
amino acid
|
organic molecule consisting of an amino group, an acid group, and an R-group
|
|
|
peptide bond
|
a covalent bond formed between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another
|
|
|
peptide
|
two or more amino acids bonded together
|
|
|
polypeptide
|
a chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
|
|
|
fibrous protein
|
structural proteins that exist as helices or pleated sheets
|
|
|
denatured
|
description of a protein that has lost its natural shape
|
|
|
chaperon proteins
|
a molecule that binds to a protein to prevent any errors from occuring
|
|
|
nucleic acid
|
a polymer of nucleotides with very specific functions in cells
|
|
|
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
|
nucleic acid polymer formed by covalent bonded nucleotide monomerrs that contain the sugar deoxyribose
|
|
|
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
|
nucleic acid polymer formed by covalent bonded nucleotide monomerrs that contain the sugar ribose
|
|
|
coenzyme
|
non-protein organic molecule that binds to an enzyme and facilitates enzymatic reactions
|
|
|
ATP (adenosis triphospahte)
|
nucleotide with adenine and 3 phosphate groups that is the common energy currency of all cells
|
|
|
nucleotide
|
a molecular complex consisting of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen base
|
|
|
pyrimidine
|
a single carbon ring nitrogenous base
|
|
|
purine
|
a double carbon ring nitrogenous base
|
|
|
complementary base pairing
|
hydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines
|
|
|
adenosine
|
portion of ATP and ADP that is composed of adenine and ribose
|
|
|
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
|
nucleotide with adenine and 2 phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate and become ATP
|
