Bio 103 Third Exam

Front 1

Base Pairing Rule

Back 1

A+T, C+G

Front 2

Complementary Strand of RNA?

Back 2

A+U, C+G

Front 3

Traits that come in distinct categories

Back 3

qualitative traits

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Traits that have many possible values

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quantitative traits

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Height, weight, eye color, musical ability, susceptibility to cancer, and intelligence

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quantitative traits

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meaning that we can see a large range of phenotypes in a population

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continuous variation

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Applies to an allele with an effect that is visible in a heterozygote

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dominant

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Applies to an allele with an effect that is not visible in a heterozygote

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recessive

Front 9

What determines sex?

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Sex Chromosome

Front 10

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

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restriction enzymes

Front 11

Breaking the H bonds between the two strands of the DNA helix

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DNA Splicing

Front 12

Exchange of genetic information between members of a homologous pair of chromosomes

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crossing over

Front 13

When members of a homologous pair line up randomly with respect to maternal or paternal origin during Metaphase I of meiosis, thus increasing the genetic diversity of offspring

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random alignment

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Separation of pairs of alleles during the production of gametes. (results from the separation of homologous pairs during meiosis)

Back 14

segregation

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(again, results from meiosis) Each pair of homologous chromosomes is segregated into daughter cells independently of all the other pairs during the production of gametes.

Back 15

independent assortment

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duplicated identical copies of a chromosome

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sister chromatids

Front 17

Sets of two chromosomes of the same size and shape with centromeres in the same position. Carry the same genes in the same locations but may carry different alleles.

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homologous pairs

Front 18

Housed inside the nucleus, subcellular structures composed of a long single molecule of DNA and associated proteins

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chromosomes

Front 19

Information carrying molecule composed of nucleotides

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RNA

Front 20

Which base is replaced in RNA?

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T is replaced with U

Front 21

Occurs when 2 copies of an allele that directs the production of a nonfunctional protein (a protein that when functional helps transport the chloride ion into and out of the cells lining the lungs, intestines, and other organs.) When the ion transporter is non-functional, the balance between the sodium and the chloride in the cell is disrupted and produces a thick mucus instead of thin

Back 21

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 22

If both had Ff, what are chances of Cystic Fibrosis?

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25% No

50% Will be an unaffected carrier of the allele

25% Yes

Front 23

What causes difference between two human cells?

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All cells have the same genes, but the timing and combination of these genes determines the activities of a particular cell

Front 24

Sequence of RNA from GCATCTGTTCAC?

Back 24

GCAUCUGUUCAC

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Identical single egg and sperm. Occurs when cells in an embryo separate from each other. 1 in 285

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monozygotic

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Nonidentical or fraternal. Two separate eggs fuse with different sperm. 1 in 80

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dizygotic

Front 27

Which gender expresses sex-linked traits?

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Expressed by both male and female

Front 28

The clotting factor gene for this, is located on the X chromosome?

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hemophilia

Front 29

Number of autosomes in human?

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22 pairs

Front 30

Sex chromosomes in human?

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23rd Pair of Chromosomes

Front 31

Changes to DNA sequences that may result in the production of altered proteins

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mutation

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Man who carries a harmful sex-linked gene, will give it to who?

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Y-linked genes are passed from fathers to sons

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Type AB blood is result of what?

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Codominance

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whereby both alleles of a gene are expressed in an individual

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codominance

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which occurs when there are more than two alleles of a gene in a population

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multiple allelism

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Genotype containing two different alleles for a gene

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heterozygous

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Genotype containing identical alleles for a gene

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homozygous

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A genetic cross involving two different genes

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dihybrid cross

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A genetic cross involving one gene

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monohybrid cross

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Traits influenced by many genes

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polygenic traits

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Which foods would most likely not be genetically modified?

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Vegetables

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Physical and physiological traits of an individual

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phenotype

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Genetic composition of an individual

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genotype

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How do you get pregnant?

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Fertilization of the egg

Front 45

Hemophelia is example of?

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phenotype

Front 46

Four Sex-Linked Genetic Disorders?

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1. Turner Syndrome
2. Meta Female
3. Kleinfelter Syndrome
4. XYY Condition

Front 47

Production of an RNA copy of the protein coding DNA gene sequence

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transcription

Front 48

Process by which an mRNA sequence is used to produce a protein

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translation

Front 49

Size based separation of molecules when an electric current is applied to a gel

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gel electrophoresis