Bio 102 Organelles

Front 1

cytosol

Back 1

the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Front 2

plasma membrane

Back 2

the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition

Front 3

nucleoid

Back 3

a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

Front 4

cytoplasm

Back 4

the contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane

Front 5

nucleus

Back 5

the chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell

Front 6

nuclear envelope

Back 6

the double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm

Front 7

nuclear lamina

Back 7

a netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, helps maintain the shape of the nucleus

Front 8

chromosomes

Back 8

cellular structure carrying genetic material found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Front 9

chromatin

Back 9

complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome

Front 10

nucleolus

Back 10

a specialized structure in the nucleus consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Front 11

ribosomes

Back 11

complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Front 12

endomembrane system

Back 12

collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell

Front 13

vesicles

Back 13

a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm

Front 14

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 14

an extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of rough and smooth regions

Front 15

glycoprotein

Back 15

a protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it

Front 16

transport vesicles

Back 16

a tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

Front 17

Golgi apparatus

Back 17

an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbohydrates

Front 18

lysosome

Back 18

a membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists

Front 19

phagocytosis

Back 19

a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell

Front 20

food vacuole

Back 20

a membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell

Front 21

contractile vacuole

Back 21

a membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists

Front 22

central vacuole

Back 22

a membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development

Front 23

mitochondria

Back 23

an organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration

Front 24

chloroplast

Back 24

an organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis or organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

Front 25

peroxisome

Back 25

an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Front 26

cristae

Back 26

an infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrian that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

Front 27

mitochondrial matrix

Back 27

the compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle

Front 28

plastid

Back 28

one of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts

Front 29

thylakoid

Back 29

flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast, contains the molecular "machinery" to convert light energy to chemical energy

Front 30

granum

Back 30

a stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast, function in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Front 31

stroma

Back 31

within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

Front 32

cytoskeleton

Back 32

a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions

Front 33

motor protein

Back 33

a protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell