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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals? T or F
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False, animals are more related
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There are many more harmful fungi than beneficial fungi
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False 2/3 good 1/3 bad
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Mycorrhizal Fungi (healthy or unhealthy)
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healthy fungus getting sugar while photo.
-plant get hypha absorption |
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How many tissue systems are found in plants
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3
Dermis Ground Vascular |
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Which of the below is not a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis
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water+
oxygen NADPH ATP |
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Water transport is an active process T or F
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false (it has to expand energy)
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Girdling a tree
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Food transport has been interrupted
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Initial electron donor of photosynthesis
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water
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Megaspores grow into
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female gametophytes
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Which statement is false? Cyanbacteria are photoautotrophs, ATP productoin during photosythesis requires ATP synthase, ATP production occurs as electrons are passed from PS2 to PS1, a reaction center of photosystem has many different types of pigments w/in it.
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A reaction center of a photosystem ahs many different types of pigments in it
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Produced by the light reactions and used up in the calvin cycle? oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugar, ADP, NADPH
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NAPDH
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Oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from? water, glucose, carbon dioxide, protons, none of the above.
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Water
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Mycorrhize
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are formed by a mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots
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Pollen grains are
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Male gametophytes found in gymospersm and angiosperms
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Cholorphyll found in a plant cell
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w/in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
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Chloroplasts are
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sites of both light reactions and calvin cycles in the true plants
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How do gymnosperms differ from ferns
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gymnosperms have male and female spores (heterospory); fern do not
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Which does not occur calvin cycle? production of sugars, formation of NADPH, ATP use, Carbon fixation, reduction of CO2
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formation of NADPH
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What have a dominate prominent sprophyte and an independent gametophyte
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vascular; seedless plants,
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With in phloem ells, which area has the lowest pressure
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sink area
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Which is false:
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Photosystems contain large amounts of the enzyme rubisco calvin cycle
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Which is common in all groups of plants
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mulicellular gametangia
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Requires ATP use by the plant
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food transport
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Thin primary walls and no secondary cell walls
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parenchyma
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Tracheids
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cell types found in xylem tissue
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By capturing insects, carnivorous plants gain more _________ from the enviroment
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nitrogen
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Early wood cells are _______ in diameters and ______ walls
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Large; Thin
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The first structure formed in the plant life cycle that is diploid is the
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zygote
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Wood is composed of
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secondary xylem
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Pressure flow mechanism explains ______ movement within the vascular tissue plants
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food (sugar
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In a plant life cycle, the spore is part of the ______ generation
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haploid
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What are five groups that are found within the proposed phyolgentic tree of this kingdom?
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Chytrids, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidomycetes
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It is clear whether this is a monophyletic kingom?
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no
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Fungi only feed on dead and decaying material in the soil. T or F
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False
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Some fungi can catch round worms as their dinner. T or F
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True
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Define hyphae
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threadlike filaments
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Define mycelia
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made of many hyphae; feeding network
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What fungus has been named the World's Largest Organism?
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Honey mushroom (1600 fields)
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Spores
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Reproduction in fungi typically involves the release of vast numbers of spores. Reproduction in fungi is typically both asexual and sexual
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In fungi, are spores produced for survival or for reproduction
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survival
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Fungal spores are large, heavy and sticky and do not spread far from parent. T or F
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False
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Mycorrhizae-
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healthy; getting sugar while photo, plant gets hypha absorbtion
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Lichen
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fungi + phosythetic single cell organism
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Lichens are
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a mutualistic relationship involving fungi and either green algae or cyanobacteria
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There are 100,000 species of fungi, and 1/3 of those are parasitic. T of F
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they are both true
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What is the percent of plant diseases caused by fungi
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80%
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Give 3 examples of plant diseases that are caused by fungi
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Elm disease, corn smut, ergots on rye
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What is a mycosis?
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a fungal infection of animals that grow in our body
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A chloroplast has fluid-filled space called the ____ and internal membranous discs called ______
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stoma; thylakoid
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Photoautotrophs:
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capture sunlight energy and convert it into chemical energy (food)
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Oxiadation
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Loss of electrons
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Reduction:
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gain of electrons
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A chloroplast is an organelle
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It has a double membrane
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All plants contain
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chloroplasts
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Whcih area of the chloroplast contains chlorophyll and other pigments? (stroma or thylakoids?)
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thylakoids
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Is Carbon dioxide oxidized or reduced during the reactions of photsynthesis
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oxidized
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Light Reactions and calvin cycle: are located in
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thykloid membranes and stoma of chloroplast
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_____ colors are abosrbed
______colors are reflected |
red/blue
green |
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There are many pigment molecules within a photosystem and they all pass electrons to the primary electron acceptor molecule
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false ONly the RC chlorophyll
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List the parts of a photosystem reaction center:
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once chlorophyll and one primary electron acceptor
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What is needed for plant growth
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minerals, water, carbon dioxide and oxygen, and all kinds of nutrients
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Macronutrients are much larger than Micronutrients
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False, Macronutrients need a lot and micronutrients dont need as much
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What type of bacteria decompose organic matter?
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ammonifying
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Carnivorous plants get supplemental nitrogen from
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animals
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What are two organ systems found in plants
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root and shoot
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What are the functions shoot
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shoot: photosynthesis, reproduction, transport, support
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What are the functions of root?
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anchorage, uptake of water and minerals, food storage
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3 tissue systems are
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Dermis, Ground, Vascular
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Which enchymas produces secondary cell walls?
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sclerenchyma
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Whcih enchymas is the most metabolically active and has thin primary cell walls?
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parenchyma
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Which enchyma has thicken primary cell walls, but no secondary wall?
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Collenchyma
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Which enchyma is dead at maturity?
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sclerenchyma
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Tracheids, these cell types are found in tissue called
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xylem
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Companion Cells, these cell types are found in tisse called
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phloem
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Two type of meristems are:
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Apical meristems and lateral meristems
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Meristems are:
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small areas where undifferntiated cells that are capable of division are clustured
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Primary groth is how the plant increases in
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growth
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Secondary growth is how the plant increases in
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width
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Cork Cambium is a
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meristematic tissue of the lateral type
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Vascular Cambium is a
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meristematic tissue of the lateral type
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Primary xylem is _____
Secondary xylem is ____ |
outer bark; wood
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Primary phloem is _____
Secondary phloem is _____ |
wood; inner bark
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Heartwood is
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inner part of bark; not transporting h2o anymore, can live w/out it
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sapwood is
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young, living wood
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Which is conducting water through the plant, sapwood or heartwood
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sapwood
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Is Apical or Lateral or both Meristems are re sponsible for primary growth
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Both
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What 3 processes are involved with plant growth?
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1st, cell division
2nd, cell elongation 3rd, cell differentiation |
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Lateral meristems are
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responsible for secondary growth
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vascular cambium is resoponsible for
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producing secondary xylem and phloem
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Cork Cambium is responsible for
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producing outer bark (new cork)
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What tissues are found in inner bark?
What tissues are found in wood What tissues are found in outer bark? |
secondary phloem;
secondary xylem; cork cambium |
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Cascular cambium is found
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between the wood and the bark
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cork cabium is found
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between the inner and outer bark
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Early wood is ____
Late wood is ____ |
spring; summer
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A growth ring is an
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annual ring
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would a tree in the tropics have a growth ring? why?
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no because constant growth; not early or late
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Which type of wood has larger diameter, thnner wall cells?
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Early wood
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Which type of wood has smaller diameter, thicker wall cells
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Late wood
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characteristics of plants
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mulitcellular, autotrophic, pigment, cuticle with stomata, vascular tissue, cell wall= cellulose
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All plants are thought to have evolved from
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charophyceans (green algae)
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The first plants evolved approximately
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500 million years ago
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In plants through what process are spores formed?
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Meiosis
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Are spores haploid or diploid
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Haploid
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Do all plants produce spores?
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yes
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IN plants gametes are formed by
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Mitosis
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Are gametes haploid or diploid
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haploid; sperm and egg
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Do all plants form gametes
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yes
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Do spores grow into sporphytes or do they grow into gametophyetes?
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gametophytes
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Gametophytes roduce
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gamates
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sporophytes produce
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spores
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What is the first structure formed in the diploid generation
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a zygote
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What is the first structure formed in the haploid generation
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a spore; a gamete
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In what structure is the zygote found?
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female gametangium
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What are the four major groups of plants
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Bryophytes, Seedless (vascular), gymnosperms, angiosperms
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Which of the 4 groups produces seeds?
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gymnosperm, angiosperm
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Which of the groups have vascular tissue?
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seedless, gymono, angio
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Which of the four groups produce fruit?
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angiosperms
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Which of da four produce cones?
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gymnosperms
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Which of the 4 groups has a dependent sporophyte generation
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broyphyte
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which of the 4 groups have a dependent gametophyte generation?
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gymosperm, angiosperm
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Which 4 groups has neitehr a dependent gaetophyte nor a dependent sporophyte?
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seedless
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Which of the four groups procues male and female spores (heterosporty
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gymno, angio
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Heterospory
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male microspores and female mega spores found in species
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Mcrospores turn into
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male cones and eventually sperm cells
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Megaspores turn into
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female cones eventually egg cells
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Which of the 4 groups require water for fertilization?
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seedless, bryophytes
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Which of the 4 groups use pollen granins
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gymno, angiosperms
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Pollen grains are male or female?
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male
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Which of the 4 groups has a dependent sporophyte generation
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broyphyte
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which of the 4 groups have a dependent gametophyte generation?
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gymosperm, angiosperm
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Which 4 groups has neitehr a dependent gaetophyte nor a dependent sporophyte?
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seedless
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Which of the four groups procues male and female spores (heterosporty
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gymno, angio
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Heterospory
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male microspores and female mega spores found in species
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Mcrospores turn into
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male cones and eventually sperm cells
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Megaspores turn into
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female cones eventually egg cells
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Which of the 4 groups require water for fertilization?
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seedless, bryophytes
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Which of the 4 groups use pollen granins
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gymno, angiosperms
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Pollen grains are male or female?
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male and gametophytes
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Which of the four produce ovules?
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Seedless, bryophytes
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Ovules are formed by
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Female sporophytes
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What do ovules turn into?
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a seed
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What is the difference betweet pllination and fertilization
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fussion of egg and sperm; deliver of pollen
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If a plant doesn't prouce seeds, how does dispersal occur?
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spores
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Which group of plants has been most successful most populated?
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angiosperms
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