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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Nematocysts?
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-Stinging cells, unique to corals andtheir relatives (jellyfish, anemones)
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Reefs are stratified
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-Tidal variations
-From low tide to >50 M -Light variations -Maximum diversity~20m |
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what are the layers of the rainforest?
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-Emergent 100 ft above forest
-Canopy -Understory or lower canopy -Forest Floor |
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What are the nine types of energy used on Earth?
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Oil
Coal Natural Gas Wood Hydroelectric Wind Waste Geothermal Solar |
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Reef Builders are made of:
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-Corals secrete a skeleton made of calcium carbonate
-Bulk of reef is dead skeletons (centuries old) -Other organisms contribute to reef building --red algae --Mollusks |
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Three types of reefs:
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-fringing reef (shore reef)
-Barrier reefs -Atoll reefs |
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Reasons for rainforest destrucion
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-Conversion to pasture
-Plantation of crops -Tropical hardwoods -foold production -Dams -mines -Inequitable land distribution |
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Biodiversity cont'
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A community of life
-Stewardship of land basic to many religions or belief -Perceived value -Spiritual or symbolic significance in humans' place in natural community |
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Why save forests?
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-Source of food
-Source of new food -Source of genes for biotechnology -source of chemicals -Reduce emigration -Decrease CO2 effect -Reduce climatic change -protect indigenous people |
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Major reductions in coral reefs:
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Philippines--Hammer and chisel
Indonesia--dunamiting (blast fishing) Caribbean--Anchors, Monofilament, tourism, sewage Asia--poisoning (cyanide), shelling |
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Living reefs made up of corals
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-Small, colonial animals
-Tentacles and stinging cells -Feed on zooplanktion -Partially heterotrophic -Partially autotrophic |
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Biodiversity cont'
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Food, medicines and natural porducts
-90% world food provided from 15 species of plants -Humans use 150 species of plants out of 80,000 species of edible plants -1/5 prescription drugs come from plants -Only 1% of tropical plants been tested for medicinal values -Raw materials for clothing, pulp, paper, furniture |
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A society is sustainable if present and future generations of humans:
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-Are healthy and can meet their basic needs
-Have fair and equitable access to earth's resources -Have a decent quality of life -Celebrate cultural diversity -Restore and preserve the biologically diverse econsystems on which we all depend |
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coral Reefs--Endangered ecosystems
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-Oil spills
-Ship damage -Tourism -Storms -Climate |
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Activities are not sustainable when they:
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-Require continual inputs of non-renewable resources
-use renewable resources faster than their rate of renewal -Cause cumulative degradation of the environment -Require resources in quantities that undermine other people's well-being -Lead to the extinction of other life forms |
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Biodiversity cont'
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Natural Beauty
-Aesthetic appeal -Quality of life -Impoverishes natural beauty and wonder -Deprives next generation |
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What is the tragedy of the commons
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Tragedy of the commons is when a tragedy occurs because of an abuse by one person in the commons
-Farmer/pasture example |
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What are some ways to conserve energy?
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reduce waste
carry out present activities more efficiently Curtail Activities Implement three public policies Info or exhortation regulation financial incentives or disincentives |
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Where are rainforests found?
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-Central and South America
-Africa -Indo-Malaysia |
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What are the paths to Sustainability?
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Population control
conserve energy Reduce, Reuse, Recycle preserve resource base manage human Settlements |
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Sustainable Businesses
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-Replace nationally and internationally produced items with local and regional products
-Take responsibility for effects on the natural world -Do not require exotic sources of capital -Engage in production processes that are human, worthy, dignified, and satisfying -Create objects of durability and long-term utility whose ultimate use of disposition will not be harmful to future generations -change consumers to customers through education |
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What is Sustainability?
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Sustainability is an economic state where the demands placed on the environment by people and commerce can be met without reducing the capacity of the environment to provide for future generations.
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What is the world's largest flower?
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Rafflesia in the Indonesian rainforest with and odor like rotting flesh to attract insects
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Some benifits to solar energy are:
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independence
Relative small size Politically invulnerable most solar panels used for heating hot water and swimming pools Active solar Passive solar |
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What is biodiversity?
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-preservation of species
-Preservation of genes, gene combos, gene pools -preservation of habitat, communities, ecosystems -Preservation of ecological interatctions --Food webs --Predator/prey --Parasitism --Mutualisms -preservation of evolutionary processes -Preservation of global climate |
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Biodiversity cont'
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Economic benefits
-Environment provides $33 trillion to global economy -Biodiversity in US accounts for $300 billion -Visitors to wildlife refuges alone in US ecntributed $401 million to local economies -Polluted water and air increase illness and costs |
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How many species of organisms are there on the planet?
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an estimation of 20-30 million
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Biodiversity is important becasue of five things they are:
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Ecosystem services
-transger of energy -storage, release and distribution of carbon -Water cycle -oxygen cycle |
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The components of sustainability are:
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-Economic golden rule
-Restorative economy -Leave the world a better place than you found it -Do not harm life or the environment -Make amends if you do |
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name two biodiveristy threats
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-Population growth and resource consumption
-Global warming |
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Where do you find the greatest diversity of life on earth?
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-Troical frests
-coral reefs -Estuaries -Tropical rivers and lakes -Soils -Inshore marine environments |
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Name four more biodiversity threats
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-Habitat conversion and sprawl
-Exotic and invasive species -Over hunting and comercial explotation -Environmental degradation |
