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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Life is work:
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Organismal and cellulr maintenance
Protein and DNA synthesis Trans-membrane movment organismal and cellular movement growth and reproduction ALl require energy from the sun |
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Engine Analogy
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Human body is 40% efficent
MItochondira=engine 60% of energy lost in heat Gears=proteins and enzymes Fuel=Gluclose Exhause=CO2, H2O and heat |
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Making ATP
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ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + energy
Hydrolysis (breaking using water) of ATP is exergonic (releases energy) = ADP Cell respiration is how a cell regenerates ATP |
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For every 1 molecule of glucose the cell makes....
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38 molecules ATP in prokaryotes
36-38 molecules ATP in eukaryotes |
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3 steps to making ATP/Cell respiration
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Glycolysis - yields 2 ATP (breaks down sugars to capture ATP
Kreb's cycle - yields 2 ATP (in mitochondria) Electron transport chain - yeields 32-34 ATP (in mitochondria) TOTAL: 36 - 38 ATP |
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Aerobic respiration
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Plants and animals are strict aerobes
Survive only in an oxygen environment most of the ATP comes from oxidative phophorylation O2 is final electron acceptor in transport chain |
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Anaerobic respiration
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Some bacteria
does not require O2 sulfate of nitrate is final acceptor (smelly) leads to fermention |
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Fermentation
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ATP is built without electron transport chain
not as efficient no O2 Required Organic molecule like lactic acid or ethanol are final electron acceptors Facultative anaerobes can function with or without O2 (Fermate or Respirate) depending on conditions (e coli) |
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Do humans ferment?
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In the absence of O2
sugar breakdown outpaces muscle supply of O2 Lactic acid is product (painful SOlution: keep breathing, keep bringin in O2 |
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Hydrolysis of other molecules
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Proteins -> break down to amino acids
Fats - break down to fatty acids carbs - glucose |
