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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbon Biochemistry
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Capable of bonding 4 times to something else 4 single bonds, and any variation (2 single 1 double, etc)
frosm long chain-like backbone or ring |
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Carbon functional group
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Monomer: single subunits
Polymer: long chains of monomers Highly unstable, therefore highly reactive highly attractive to organic (carbon/hydrogen) molecules |
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dehydration synthesis
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organic molecules joined (synthesized) by removing (de) water
in solution |
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hydrolysis
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organic molecules broken (lyse) by adding water in solution
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Carbs
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
simple sugar (glucose) to complex (starch) |
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monosaccharide =
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one sugar molecule
glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose |
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polysaccharide
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many sugar molecules bonded together (lots of monosaccharides)
Starch in plants, glycogen, cellulose in plant structure; chitin in exoskeletons or arthropods |
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lipids
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrophobic; insoluable in water store energy |
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fats have__________
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more energy storage than sugars, but weight less
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saturated fats
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maximum # of single hydrogen bonds
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unsaturated
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some double bonds (oils)
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phospholipids
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hydrophobid "tails" and hydrophillic "heads" = cell membranes
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other fats
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steroids
cholesterold hormones (non much difference between testosterone and estrogen) |
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proteins
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
amino acid is the building block denaturation: chemically or thermally breaking protein bonds |
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protein structure
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primary: order of amino acids
secondary: folding, bending, or pleating tertiary: globbing arms around each other, hydrogen and disulfide bonds quarternary: globular=hemoglobin, strangs=collagen (four globs bonded together) |
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nucleotides/nucleic acids
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
nucleic acid nucleotide is building block of nucleic acid ATP-adenosine triphosphate is a nucleotide DNA and RNA are nucleic acids (different sugar groups + nucleotides) |
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
nucelotides: guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine G-C T-A |
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
nucleotides: G, A, C, Uracil G-C A-U |
