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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

ecology

the study of interactions between organisms and their surroundings

biosphere

includes all communities on earth

species

groups of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

population

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

community

contains different populations living together in a defined area

ecosystem

contains all organisms in a community and their abiotic environment

abiotic

not living

examples of abiotic

air and water

biome

group of ecosystems with the same climate and similar communities

autotrophs

produce their own food.

photosynthesis

converts sunlight,water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen

chemosynthesis

inorganic minerals and carbon dioxide are used to produce sugars

example of chemosynthesis

bacteria living near hydrothermal vents

autotrophs are also called

producers

how do heterotrophs acquire energy

from other organisms

heterotrophs are also called

consumers

herbivores eat

plants

carnivores eat

animals

omnivores eat

both plants and animals

detritivores feed on

dead matter

give three examples of detritivores

mites, worms, and crabs

______ break down organic matter and release inorganic nutrients back into the environment

decomposers

give two examples of decomposers

bacteria and fungi

why are detritivores and decomposers so important

prevent build up of waste

food web

links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

each level is called a ___ level

trophic

two body functions that would use energy

digestion, cellular respiration

producer has

100 percent

1st consumer has

10 percent

2nd consumer has

1 percent

3rd consumer has

.1

the _____ _____ shows the amount of living organic matter within a trophic level

biomass pyramid

the ___ ___ ____ shows the number of individual organisms at each trophic level

pyramid of numbers

_____ is recycled through ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles

matter

fresh water makes up only ____ percent

3

evaporation

liquid to a gas

condensation

gas to liquid

give four examples of precipitation

rain, snow, hail, and fog

_____ is the evaporation of water through the leaves of plants. water exits through the ____

transpiration, stomata

every living organism needs ____ to build tissues and carry out essential life functions

nutrients

all living things are made ___ ___ , all organic molecules contain ____

organic molecules, carbon

five ways carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere

breathing, burning of fossil fuels, breakdown of bones, erosions, and volcanic activity

carbon is removed from the atmosphere due to ___

photosynthesis

carbon is also removed from the atmosphere due the decomposition and burial of dead organisms. this stores ____. eventually dead organisms are converted to ______,___,____

underground, coals, gas, oil

all organisms require nitrogen to make ____ ___ and ___ _____

amino acids, and nucleic acids

what is needed to make proteins

amino acids

what inside to make ATP,DNA, and RNA

nucleic acid

what is the function of ATP

source of energy for cellular functions

nitrogen gas makes up ___ of earths atmosphere. oxygen makes up ____, living organisms cannot use nitrogen in the form of ____

78 percent, 21 percent, and gas

nitrogen fixation

nitrogen is converted to a form that plants can use

two places that bacteria is found

on the roots of legumes, live freely in soil and water

list two additional places nitrogen is found

wastes and decaying organisms

dentrification

soil bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas

phosphorus is found in

ATP, DNA, and RNA

phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere where is it found

rock, soil minerals, and ocean sediments

primary productivity

rate at which organic materials is made by producers

the rate is controlled by amount of ____ ____

available nutrients