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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Species |
A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring |
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Morphology |
The branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary history of a species |
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Taxonomy |
Branch of biology that identifies names, and classifies species based on natural features |
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Binomial Nomenclature |
System of giving a two latin word name to each species -First part=genus -Second =species |
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Genus |
Taxonomic group of a closely related species |
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Classification |
The grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps to organize and indicate evolutionary relationships |
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Hierarchical classification |
The method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged in categories from most general to most specific |
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Rank |
A level in a classification scheme, such as. Phylum or order |
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Taxon |
Named group of organisms such as phylum chordata or order rodentia |
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How many species have scientists identified |
2 million |
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How many species are believed to exsist |
5-20 million |
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Why do farmers need to know about species |
To identify what weeds go next to their crops |
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Why do doctors need to know about species |
To know what species of bacteria a patient is infected with in order to prescribe medication |
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Why do aboriginals collect plants |
Medical use |
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What does the morphological species concept focus on |
Morphology of an organism |
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What does morphological species concept rely on |
Comparing measurements and descriptions of similar organisms -Taking into account species change and have variation |
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Advantages of morphological species concept |
-Simplicity of concept makes it most widely used |
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Disadvantage or morphological species concept |
u must have to decide how much difference between individuals is too much variation -u must have to decide how much difference between individuals is too much variation -Almost all populations made up of non identical individual -Almost all populations made up of non identical individual |
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What does biological species concept focus on |
Ability of organisms to interbreed in nature and produce viable fertile offspring |
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Advantage of biological species concept |
Species concept widely used by scientists |
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Disadvantage of biological species concept |
Cannot be applied in all cases-Cant be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually or fossil species |
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What does the phylogentic species concept focus on |
-Evolutionary relationships among organisms |
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What is a species defined as |
A cluster of organisms that is distinct from other clusters and shows a pattern of relationship among organisms |
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Advantages of phylogentic species |
-Can be applied to extinct species |
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Disadvantage of phylogentic species |
Evolutionary histories are not known for all species |
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Who was the father of taxonomy |
Carl von linné |
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What did carl von linne create |
Binomial Nomenclature |
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What is the first part of binomial Nomenclature |
Genus |
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Whats the last part of binomial Nomenclature |
Species |
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How is binomial Nomenclature written |
-Italics -Genus=capitalized -Species =lower case |
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Who developed the system of classification |
Carl von linné |
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What is a hierarchy |
-arrangement of items in which the items are identified as being above or below or at the same level compared to other items |
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What are taxonomic categories |
The groupings used to classify organisms that have been named and identified |
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What is each rank called |
Taxon |
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How many taxonomic categories are there |
8 |
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What is canis lupus |
-Grey wolf |
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Ancestor |
An organism from which other groups of organisms are descended |
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Anatomy |
The branch of biology that deals with structure and form, including internal systems |
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Physiology |
The branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes. |
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Phylogentic tree |
A branching diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships among species |
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The more a species shares its evolutionary history with another the.. |
More closely related they are thought to be |
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What animals are apart of the canidae family |
-Wolves Coyotes Jackals Foxes Dogs |
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Three types of evidence to determine whether a species is related |
Anatomical -Physiological -DNA |
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What does morphology refer to |
-Body size -Shape -Physical features |
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How does studying morphology help scientists |
-Helps them learn more about how an organism develops and functions naturally -Helps scientists determine evolutionary relationships among species |
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What is anatomy |
Study of structures of organisms |
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What is anatomy a branch of |
Morhology |
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Are birds and reptiles related |
Yes |
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Similarities between birds and dinosaurs |
-Feathers - |
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What is physiology |
-Study of the functioning of organisms |
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What does physiology include |
- Studying the biochemistry of organisms, including the proteins they make |
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What are genes |
Coded instructions for making proteins |
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What are an organisms proteins determined by |
Genes |
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Rodentia |
Rodents |
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Are fungi more related to animals than plants? |
Yes |
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What are genes |
Sections of DNA made of long chains of molecules called nucleotides |
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Can dna sequences be compared among species? |
Yes |
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What are turkey vultures related to |
Storks |
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New species that evolve from a common ancestor have.. |
Some characteristics im common with the common ancestor |
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Bovidae |
Cows and antelopes |
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Cervidae |
Deer |
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Structural diversity |
Diversity based on variety of both external and internal structural forms in living things |
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Prokaryotic |
Smaller simple type of cell that does not have a membrane bound nucleus |
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Eukaryotic |
Larger, complex type of cell that does have a membrane bound nucleus |
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Dichotomous key |
An identification tool consisting of a series of two part choices that lead the user to a correct identification |
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Autotroph |
An organism thay obtains energy by making its own food, usually using sunlight. |
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Heterotroph |
Organism that must consume other organisms to obtain energy -yielding food |
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1 important Kingdom concepts |
-two main cell types that are significant for classification at the upper ranks, such as kingdom |
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2 Kingdom concepts |
Study of cell types and genes has led scientists to add a rank higher than Kingdom (DOMAIN) |
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3- Kingdom concept |
-It is important to understand how biologists think the domains and kingdoms are connected in their evolutionary history |
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Unicellular |
Organism made up of one cell |
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Organism made up of one cell |
-Single celled -Unicellular |
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Organisms made up of more than one cell |
Multicellular |
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List the two major cells |
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
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What does prokaryotic mean |
Before the nucleus |
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What does eukaryotic mean |
True nucleus |
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What has membrane bound nucleus |
Eukaryotic cell |
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Difference between eukaryotic amd prokaryotic cells |
Eukaryotic cells are 1000 times larger than prokaryotic cells |
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Parts of prokaryotic cell |
DNA Capsule Cell membrane Cell wall Flagellum |
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Parts of eukaryotic cell |
-Nucleus -Cell membrane -Chromosomes -Ribosomes |
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List 3 domains |
Bacteria Archea Eukarya |
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List traditional eukaryotic kingdoms |
-Protista -Fungi -Plantae -Ankmalia |
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Example of two part choice |
Red and not red |
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What ia the goal of many taxonomists |
Make an identification at the species level |
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What is the first step of using a dichotomous key |
Begin by choosing from the first pair of descriptions |
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Are keys always used to identify species |
No |
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Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
Size Presence of nucleus Internal complexity |
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When are cell walls absent |
In animals |
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Can asexual reproduction be found in all Kingdoms? |
Yes |
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What Kingdom does sexual reproduction occur |
Eukarya |
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Cell type of bacteria |
Prokaryote |
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Cell wall material of bacteria |
Peptidoglycan |
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Nutrition of bacteria |
Autotrophs and heterotropha |
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Reproduction of bacteria is |
Asexual |
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Archea cell type |
Prokaryote |
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Is Archea multi or unicellular |
Unicellular |
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Archea cell wall material |
-No peptidogly -Occasionally no cell wall material |
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Nutrition of archea |
Autotrophs and heterotrophs |
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Archea reproduction is |
Asexual |
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Four kingdoms of Eukarya |
1. Protista 2. Plantae 3. Fungi 4. Animalia |
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What are the 6 kingdoms |
-Bacteria -Archea -Protista -Plantae -Animalia |
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Protista cell type |
Eukaryotic |
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Is Protista unicellular or multi |
Ita both |
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Protista cell wall |
-Cellulose -None |
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Protista nutrition |
Autotrophs or heterotrophs |
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Protista reproduction |
Asexual and sexual |
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Plantae cell type |
Eukaryote |
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Plantae number of cells |
Multicellular |
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Plantae nutrition |
Autotrophs |
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Plantae reproduction |
Sexual |
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Fungi cell type |
Eukaryote |
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Fungi cells |
Mostly multicellular |
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Plantae cell wall |
Cellulose |
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Fungi cell wall |
Chitin |
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Fungi nutrition |
Heterotrophs |
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Fungi reproduction |
Sexual |
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Animalia cell type |
Eukaryote |
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Animalia cells |
Multicellular |
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Animalia cell wall material |
None |
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Animalia nutrition |
Heterotrophs |
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Animalia reproduction |
Sexual |
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Species diversity |
The variety and abundance of species in a given area |
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Genetic diversity |
Variety of heritable characteristics in a population of interbreeding individuals |
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Ecosystem diversity |
Variety of ecosystems in the biosphere |
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Gene pool |
All the genes of all the individuals in a population |
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Population |
A group of individuals of the same species in a specific area at a specific time |
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Resilience |
The ability of an ecosystem to maintain balance |
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What disease did the Tasmanian devils get since 1996 |
Contagious cancer |
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What is a key factor towards the cancer Tasmanian devils are getting |
Lack of Genetic diversity |
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What are genes |
Genetic material that controls the expression and inheritance of traits |
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What is genetic diversity within a population known as |
Gene pool |
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What are ecosystem services |
Benefits experienced by organisms |
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What would happen without ecosystem diversity |
Earth would loose most of the services that ecosystems provide |
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Ecosystems with greater species diversity were more likey.... |
To provide important services reliably |
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What three concepts to biologists use to classify species |
-Morphological -Biological -Phylogentic |
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What names are speciea commonly known by |
Two part scientific names |
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What does anatomical evidence include |
-comparing the structure and form of organisms, including bones |
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What does Physiological evidence include |
Comparing the biochemistry of organisms, including proteins |
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How can the understanding of phylogeny help scientists |
Helpa them trace the transmission of disease and develop amd test possible treatments |
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What are the two cwll types |
-Prokaryotic -Eukaryotic |
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Prokaryotic cells. |
Do not have a membrane bound nucleus |
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Eukaryotic cells |
More complex and have a membrane bound nucleus |
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Organisms in domains bacteria and Archea are... |
Unicellular and prokaryotic |
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Organisms in the domain Eukarya and Eukarya are.... |
Unicellular or multicellular |
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What do taxonomists use dichotomous keys for |
To make choices between pairs of options to narrow down identification |
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To little population.... |
Reduces a populations ability to resist disease or other changing environmental conditions |
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Ecosystems are diverse due to.. |
Abiotic anf biotic factors |
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Ecosystems provide services suxh as.. |
Recycling nutrients and regulating gases in the atmosphere |
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Ecosystems with greater species diversity have greater.... |
Resilience |
