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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The skeletal system consists of: |
Bones Cartilage at joints Ligaments |
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Functions of the skeletal system |
-Supports the body -Protects the soft body parts -Produces blood cells -Stores minerals and fat -Allows for movement via attached muscles |
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Epiphysis |
Ends of the long bone Made of spongy bone |
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Diaphysis |
Shaft of the bone, filled with yellow bone marrow Walls made of compact bone |
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Articular cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage found on the ends of long bones |
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Periosteum |
Living, outer covering of fibrous connective tissue |
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Ligaments |
Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones |
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Cartilage |
Flexible connective tissue |
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3 types of cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage |
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Hyaline cartilage |
Ends of long bones, nose, ends of ribs, larynx and trachea |
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Fibrocartilage |
Disks between vertebrae and in the knee Stronger than hyaline cartilage |
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Elastic cartilage |
Ear flaps and epiglottis More flexible than hyaline cartilage |
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How many bones in the adult skeleton? |
206 |
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Which cells are not involved in growth, remodeling, and repair of bone? |
Osteodroncytes |
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Which is the only moveable bone in the skull? |
Mandible |
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What are the 3 major types of joints? |
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial |
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What is the area of the vertebral column where ribs attach? |
Thoracic vertebrae |
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Steps in bone repair |
Hematoma Fibrocartilaginous callus Bony callus Remodeling |
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Why does bone loss become an issue after the age of 30? |
Because the process of bone remodeling slows as the loss of calcium deposits exceeds its replacement |
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What's the difference between normal, fully developed bone and osteoporotic bone? |
Osteoporotic bone has much larger spaces in its bone structure and is weaker than normal bone |
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What is the skull made of? |
The cranium Facial bones |
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The cranium |
Protects the brain Composed of 8 bones Had some bones that contain the sinuses |
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Facial bones |
Mandible Maxillae Zygomatic bones Nasal bones |
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Hyoid bone |
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone |
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Vertebral column |
Vertebrae (33) -Cervical (7) -Thoracic (12) -Lumbar (5) -Sacrum (5 fused) -Coccyx (4 fused into tailbone) Intervertebral disks made of fibrocartilage |
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Rib cage |
Ribs Sternum |
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Ribs |
Flattened bones originating from the thoracic vertebrae Protects heart and lungs 12 pairs (7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs) |
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Ribs |
Flattened bones originating from the thoracic vertebrae Protects heart and lungs 12 pairs (7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs) |
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Sternum |
Breastbone |
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Fibrous Joints |
usually immovable such as the sutures between cranial bones |
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Cartilaginous Joints |
tend to be slightly movable such as intervertebral disks |
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Synovial |
freely movable joints such as the ball-and-socket hip and shoulder joints, and the hinge knee and elbow joints |
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Anatomy of synovial joint |
Ligaments Synovial Fluid Bursae Menisci |
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Synovial fluid |
Lubricates |
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Bursar |
Fluid filled sacs that ease friction |
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Menisci |
Hyaline cartilage that gives stability and absorbs shock |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone forming cells |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone forming cells |
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Osteoclasts |
Bone absorbing cells |
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Osteocytes |
Mature bone cells that maintain bone structure, derived from osteoblasts |
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Chondrocytes |
Cartilage forming cells |
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How do bones develop? |
Ossification: Formation of bone -Intramembranous ossification -Endochondrial ossification |
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Intramembranous ossofication |
Bone development between sheets of fibrous connective tissue, used in flat bones |
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Endochondrial ossification |
Cartilage is replaced by bone, used by most bones |
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How much bone is recycled each year? |
As much as 18% |
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How does bone remodeling contribute to homeostasis? |
Osteoclasts break down bone and osteoblasts reform bone Bone recycling allows the body to regulate blood and calcium 2 hormones, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin direct bone remodeling and control blood calcium |
