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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Order Hypothesis |
1. Grammar structures are acquired in a predictable order 2. L2 learning order is different from L1 3. L2 learning adults and children show similar order 4. Some grammatical items tend to come earlier in the acquisition process |
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Input hypothesis |
(i)+ 1 i-- level of knowledge already acquired +1: language that is a step beyond that |
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Affective Filter Hypothesis |
1. motivation 2. Self confidence 3. Anxiety 4. Lower affective filter will go further |
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ZPD |
Vygotsky Metaphorical place where children could do more and learn better |
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Social Cultural Theory |
Language development happens through social interaction |
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Definitions of bilingualism |
-Bloomfield - “native-like control of two languages -”Weinreich: “ the practice of alternately using two languages -”Mackey: “the ability to use more than one language -”Beathons-Beardsmore: Minimalist approach (Mackey &Weinreich): incipient bilingualism |
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Balanced bilingual |
Lambert, Havelka, And Gardner Fully competent in both languages |
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Dominant bilingual |
Dominant in one language |
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Subordinate bilinguals |
Less dominant in one language |
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Passive or recessive bilingual |
gradually losing competence in one language |
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Semilingual or limited bilingual |
Lacking proficiency in both language |
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Multilingual |
The ability to use more than 2 languages |
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SUP |
Separate underlying proficiency The 2 languages are stored separately Increase of one language will cause the loss of the other Bilingualism is a cognitive overload |
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CUP |
Cognitive Underlying Proficiency Both languages are merged and do not function independently of each other Both languages are different in conversation |
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Threshold theory |
1. Low competence in both languages 2. appropriate competence in one language Balanced: Appropriate competence in both |
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BICS |
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills Social language |
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CALPS |
Cognitive Academic linguistic Proficiency Academic Language |
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Grosjeans Theory |
Use both languages everyday, and you are bilingual |
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William Stokoe |
Father of ASL linguistic skills |
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Acquisition Learning Hypothesis |
Krashen A: Subconscious and intuitive process Occurs naturally L: Conscious process Occurs at school |
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Monitor Hypothesis |
Krashen Relationship between acquisition and learning Acquisition is the central role, learning is a monitor 3 conditions Time, Focus on form, know the rules |
