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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when B cells are activated they go through _______ |
cellular expansion |
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antigen diversity is obtained through ________ |
rearrangement of immunoglobulin gene |
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once antigen is bound, the _________ is consumed by ______ and digested by _____ |
AG/ab complex phagocytosis proteases |
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the phagocyte has _________ on its surface and is bound to _______ |
it presents bits of Ag2 MHC protein |
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one source of diversity is ________ another source is ________ third source is ________ |
heavy chain rearrangement light chain igg gene rearrangement junctional diversification |
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what is junctional diversification |
it is the addition or loss of a few nucleotides at joining of chains |
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what is somatic hypermutation? |
high rate of mutation in variable area of genes. another source of diversity in IgG. |
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what is clonal deletion and why is it important? |
Clonal deletion removes antibodies that detect self-antigens This is important otherwise we get autoimmune diseases attacking ourselves |
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T cell receptors are made of _______ |
alpha and beta chains |
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T cell receptor subunits are produced from ___ the chains make up a ______ |
rearranged genes, have a variable + constant region dimer of alpha and beta chains |
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what are the two major types of T-cells? |
1. Killer T-Cells 2. Helper t-cells |
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T cell receptors recognize ________ where co-receptor 48 recognizes _______ killer T-cells inject _____ to poke holes |
pparticular antigen MHC1 surrounding antigen perforins |
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Helper T-cells recognize ________ such as found on __________ all these cells have ______ |
virus-peptide on antigen presenting immune cells macrophages, B-cells, dendritic cells MHCII |
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________ recognizes MHC2 |
coreceptor CD4 |
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what does AIDS virus do to helper T cells? |
it binds to CD4 and kills helper T cells |
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so in a viral infection, ___________ find virus, then _________, so that a helper T cell __________. |
macrophages or dendritic cells consume them and have a piece of their antigen outside binds cell and activates Helper T63 and secretes Interleukin 2 |
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what does IL2? |
it autosignals the duplication of more Helper cells, it also helps the Killer T cells |
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Helper T-cells secrete: |
BCGF: B-cell growth factor |
