Bible Packet

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kind of diction

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1 general or specific
2 abstract or concrete
3 formal (literary) or informal (conversational/old-fashioned)
4 Latinate, Anglo-Saxon, colloquial
5 denotative, connotative
6 euphonious or cacophonous

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Latinate

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polysyllabic

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anglo-saxon

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monosyllabic

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coloquial

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common words/jargon

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denotative

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exact meaning

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connotative

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suggested meaning

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features you should look for

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diction, length of sentences, kinds of sentences, variety of sentence patterns, transitional phrases, figures of speech, paragraphing, language, figures of speech, and tone

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kinds of sentences

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grammatical, rhetorical, functional

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grammatical sentences

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simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences

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simple sentence

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one subject and one verb

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compound sentence

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two independent clouses w/ a coordinate conjunction or semicolon

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complex sentence

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an independent clause and one or more subordinate clause

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compound-complex sentences

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two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses

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rhetorical sentences

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loose, periodic, balanced

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loose sentence

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makes sense if brought to a close before the actual ending

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periodic sentence

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makes sense only when the end of the sentence is readched

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balanced sentence

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phrases or clauses balance each other their similarity of structure, meaning, or length

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functional sentences

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declarative (assertive), imperative, interrogative, exclamatory

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declarative sentence

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assertive- a statement

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imperative sentence

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command

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interrogative sentence

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question

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exclamatory sentence

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exclamation

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variety of sentenced patterns

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natural order, inverted order

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natural order of sentence

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syntax- subject comes before predicate

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inverted sentence

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predicate comes before subject

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transitional phrases

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conjuctive adv.- nevertheless, however, moreover, indeed, etc

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language vs rhetorics

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language is about overall
rhetroic-->language-->tone

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language words

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jargon, euphemistic, pretentius, precise, picturesque, simple, colloquial, artificial, concrete, pendatic, moralistic, idiomatic, exact, connotative, provincial, bombastic, detached, poetic, scholarly, informal, cultured, symbolic, literal, obscure, grotesque, vulgar, insipid, ordinary, esoteric, homespun, figurative, obtuse, exact, slang, sensuous, formal, learned, plain, trite, precise, emotional

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two groups of figures of speech

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sches and tropes

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scheme

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transfers order

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trope

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transfers meaning

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scheme of balance

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parallelism, isocolon, antithesis

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parallelism

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similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, clauses

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isocolon

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when parallel elements are not only similar in structure, but also in length (same number of words/syllables)

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antithesis

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juxtaosition of contrasting ideas, often parallel in structure

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schemes of inverted word order

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anastrophe, parenthesis, apposition

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anastrophe

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inversion of natural word order

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parenthesis

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insertion of some verbal unit in a position that itnerrups the normal synthatical flow of the sentence (tangent), different emotional charge

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apposition

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phrase that modifies

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schemes of omission

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ellipsis, asyndeton, polysyndeton

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ellipsis

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deliberate omission of word (s) readily implied

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assyndeton

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delibarate omission of conjunction between series of related clauses (hurried rythm)

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polysyndeton

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deliberate use of manyconjuctions (slows up rhythm- emphasis/flow/continuity of experience)

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schemes of repitition

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assonance, alliteration, anaphora, climax

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assonance

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repitition of smiliar vowel sounds

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alliteration

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repition of consonant sounds

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anaphora

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repition of the same wrods/ group of words at the beginning of successive clauses (strong emotional effect)

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climax

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arrangement of words/clasuses in an order of increasing importance

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tropes

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metaphor, simile, personification, apostrophe, synechdoche, metonymy, puns, onomatopoeia, irony, oxymoron, liotites, understatemtn, hyperbole, rhetorical question

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synechdoche

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part represents a whole object or idea

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metonymy

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substituion of a word which relates to the object or person to be named in place of the name itself

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onomatopoeia

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words w/ sounds imitative of their meanings (emotional or ethical tone )

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litotes or understatment

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used to enhance impressiveness

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hyperbole

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for heightened effect

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tone words

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angry, fanciful, joking,detached, apologetic, peaceful, sarcastic, zealous, frivolous, shocking, proud, provocative, sad, upset, boring, happy, hollow, horrific, objective, wistful, irreverent, seductive, giddy, moral, sentimental, complimentary, ocndescending, sympathetic, humorous, allusive, nostalgic, benevolent, audcious, restrained, pitiful, indignant, sharp, urgent, poignant, confused, childish, mocking, vexed, tired, bitter, somber, dramatic, sharp, cold, silly, afraid, sweet, joyful, vibrant, dreamy, candid, didactic, dry