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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that
has weight and occupies space |
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elements
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chemical substances with only one type of atom
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trace elements
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basic chemical substances needed in SMALL quantities
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compounds
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substance composed of two OR MORE chemically BONDED elements
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electrons
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small, negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus of an atom
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ion
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an atom OR MOLECULE with an electrical charge
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molecule
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particle composed of two or more joined atoms
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covalent bond
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chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms
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ionic bond
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chemical bond formed between two ions by transfer of electrons
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inorganic compounds
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two or more chemically bonded elements lacking both carbon and hydrogen
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acid
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substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions
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base
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substance that ionizes in water to release hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions
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salt
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compound produced by reaction betrween acid and base
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pH scale
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shorthand notation for the hydrogen ion concentration used to indicate the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution
values range from 0 to 14 |
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atomic structure
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nucleus: protons and neutrons
equal in weight 1 or more electrons revolving around |
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atomic number
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number of protons
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atomic weight
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number of protons plus number of neutrons
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electrolyte
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substance that ionizes in a water solution
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organic compound
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substance with two or more chemically bonded elements with carbon
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protein
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nitrogen containing organic compound composed of joined amino acid molecules
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amino acid
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organic compound of relatively small molecular size that contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
structural unit of a protein molecule |
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enzyme
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protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction
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carbohydrate
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organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a 2:1 RATIO OF HYDROGEN TO OXYGEN ATOMS
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monosaccharide
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single sugar, such as glucose or fructose
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disaccharide
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sugar produced by the union of two monosaccharides
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polysaccharide
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carbohydrate composed of many joined monosaccharides
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glucose
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monosaccharide in the blood that is the primary source of cellular energy
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sucrose
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disaccharide; table sugar
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glycogen
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polysaccharide that stores glucose in liver and muscles
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lipids
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fats or oils or fatlike compounds that usually have fatty acids in their molecular structure
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nucleic acids
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substances composed of bonded nucleotides; RNA or DNA
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