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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Diffusion
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the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
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What are to two types of Respiration?
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*Mechanical: Breathing (inhale: air goes in) (exhale: air goes out);Hemoglobin carries O2 & CO2
*Cellular Respiration: O2 + Sugar-are used to make oxygen |
1. There is respiration with oxygen (the process is called cellular respiration.
2. There is respiration with out oxygen (the process is called fermentation) |
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What maintains the low concentration of oxygen in the tissue cells?
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Cellular respiration because tissues are constantly using O2 for energy and CO2 is being produced.
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What process inside cells uses up oxygen to maintain the low concentration in the surrounding tissue?
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Cellular respiration
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At the same time cellular respiration produces CO2 in the cell. What kind of transport moves it to the blood so it can be carried to lungs?
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Diffusion
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Selective Transport Across Membranes.
What is permeable? What is impermeable or nonpermeable? |
Permeable molecules are allowed by the membrane to enter a cell O2, CO2, H2O.
Impermeable molecules are rejected entry by the membrane into the cell (larger molecules) Na, K, H. |
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What is the function of Dialysis?
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The diffusion of permeable substances across a membrane, which then separates permeable from impermeable.
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What is the function of hemodialysis for people with kidney loss?
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Uses an artificial membrane with pore that allow, urea for example, waste products to pass through the membrane into a bath surround the membrane, while cells, proteins, etc. are retained in the blood that returns to the patient.
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What is Osmosis?
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Osmosis is the movement of WATER from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration across a selective permeable membrane.
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First step to show diffusion took place using Silver Nitrate.
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When silver nitrate comes in contact with Cl it forms a white milky substance. Therefore, if diffusion took place in our mock cell water would have moved into the cell and NaCl would have moved out of the cell (high concentration to low concentration) so if a small drop of silver nitrate was placed in the surrounding water of the mock cell it would become cloudy because it is reacting to the Cl that has left the cell. Proving that diffusion took place.
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Second step to show diffusion took place using Lugol's iodine.
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Lugol's iodine represents the process of diffusion and the job of the permeable membrane. The membrane will only allow molecules such as O2, CO2, and H2O into the cell and out of the cell therefore, the Na and starches located inside our mock cell should not have diffused out. Lugols solution when in contact with protein turns blue. So, if the permeable membrane allowed proteins out of the cell the water around it would turn blue when we add a drop of Lugol's iodine. The result, the water did not turn blue but the solution inside of our mock cell did proving that 1. diffusion took place and 2. the permeable membrane does in fact monitor what goes in and out of a cell.
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What is metabolism?
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Metabolism is the sum of all reactions (synthesis break-down) happening inside of a cell.
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What does metabolism require?
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Metabolism requires ENZYMES.
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What are Enzyme?
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1. Proteins (chemically speaking)
2. Speeds up rate of reactions 3. All metabolic(biochemical) reactions. 4.Enzymes names with a suffix"ase" |
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What kind of cell did we work with in the Metabolism Lab?
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We worked with YEAST.
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What are Yeast cell?
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1. Eukaryotic - Unicellular
2. Kingdom Fungi 3. Involved in making Bread, Beer and Wine. 4. Some yeast cells are pathogenic(infectious agent) |
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What is a biochemical reaction?
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Fermentation is respiration of Yeast.
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Why is respiration important?
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Respiration is the process involved to release energy from food.
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What is needed for Respiration to take place?
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Respiration CANNOT take place WITHOUT ENZYMES, respiration needs enzymes in order for the process to take place.
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The process of Cellular Respiration is:
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1 molecule of glucose + 6 molecules of free oxygen is converted into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide + 6 molecules of water,and energy is released!
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The process of Fermentation is:
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yeast glucose is converted to 2 molecules of carbon dioxide + 2 molecule of ethanol, and energy is released!
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Can yeast ferment the sugars and produce CO2?
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Yes, in fact we measure the amount of CO2 produced to determine whether or not fermentation took place with the Yeast enzymes and the sugars used in the experiment.
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What are carbohydrates?
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Carbohydrates are energy producing biomolecules.
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What is a monosaccharide?
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A monosaccharide is the smallest unit of carbohydrate/ Simple sugars.
1. Glucose 2. Galactose 3. Fructose |
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What is a disaccharide?
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A disaccharide id 2-monosaccarides.
1. Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose){Enzyme : Sucrase} 2. Lactose (Glucose + Golactose){Enzyme: Lactose} 3. Maltose (Glucose + Glucose){Enzyme:Maltose} |
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What is a polysaccharide?
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A polysaccharide contains more than 10 sugar units.
1. Starch {Enzyme: Amylase} |
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What do enzymes do?
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Enzymes break the bonds and release the sugars.
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What is the name of the sugar carried in our blood?
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Glucose.
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What happened to the fermentation of the Yeast as the temperature increased from 4C, RT, 37C, and 80C?
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Little to no activity took place in the temperatures under 37C, however, a significant amount of fermentation took place in the temperature setting of 80-90C. Thus proving, that the enzymes prefer a hot environment.
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