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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Czar Nicolas II
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Last Czar of Russia, abdicated his throne in 1917 |
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Czarina Alexandria
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Wife of Czar, was killed along with the rest of her family during the Russian Civil War.
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Bloody Sunday
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Massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators provoked a wave of strikes and violence across Russia & forced Czar Nicholas II to promise more freedom and create the Duma. |
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Duma |
Russia’s first parliamentary body.
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Proletariat
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The workers Bolsheviks Group of revolutionaries led by Lenin
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Lenin
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“Father of the Revolution” Leader of the Bolshevik party & first ruler of the Soviet Union, successfully overthrew the Czar and began a movement towards a Socialist/Communist society in Russia
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Peace signed in 1918 between the new Soviet Russia & the Central Powers that ended Russia’s participation in WWI. Russia loss 1 million square miles of territory in treaty.
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Civil War in Russia
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Reds (communists) fought the whites over the political future of Russia; Reds won.
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Leon Trotsky
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Leader of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. He opposed Stalin’s leadership & later fled to Mexico & his assassinated was ordered by Stalin.
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NEP
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New Economic Policy, under Lenin, Russia became socialist but with some aspects of capitalism; some things being owned by the government and some privately.
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Rasputin
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The “holy man” who had great influence over the czarina, Alexandra
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Provisional government
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Temporary government led by Alexander Kerensky in Russia.
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Soviet
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Local governing council of workers in communist Russia.
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Communist Party
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A political party practicing the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin
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Joseph Stalin
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“Man of Steel” Revolutionary leader who took control of the Communist Party after Lenin; famous for his absolute control & purges to get rid of people/rivals who did not support him
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Totalitarianism
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Government that has total control over people’s lives
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Great Purge
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Arrest, exile, or killing of thousands of suspected enemies of the Communist Party; ended up killing the majority of the army officers and other Bolshevik leaders.
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Command economy
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Economy in which the government makes all the economic decisions – type of economic system the Soviet Union had under Communism.
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Five-Year Plans
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Plans under Stalin to rapidly develop the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power.
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Collective farm
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Large, government-owned farm
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Sun Yixian
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One of the first leaders of the Kuomintang that led the Nationalists in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in; “Father of Modern China”
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Kuomintang
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Nationalist Party of China that overthrew the Qing Dynasty
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May Fourth Movement
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Name of the reform movement in China begun by student protests in reaction to the Treaty of Versailles.
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Mao Zedong
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Leader of the Communist revolution in China who defeated the Nationalists and led the People’s Republic of China; won the civil war with the support of the peasants and of Chinese women. Known as “The Great Helmsman”.
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Jiang Jieshi
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Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party who set up a new government in Taiwan; took over the nationalist party after the death of Sun Yixian; fought the Civil War against the Communists
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Long March
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When Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong fled from the Chinese nationalists or Guomingdang.
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Commune
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Large farm setup in China in which many families work the land and live together
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Red Guards
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Young Chinese students who carried out the Cultural Revolution
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Great Leap Forward
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Effort to increase farm and industrial output in China under Mao, which led to widespread famine.
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Cultural Revolution
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Red guard under Mao tried to get rid of any anti-revolutionaries; uprising in China between 1966 and 1976 that aimed to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal.
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The Little Red Book
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Book of writings by Mao Zedong widely distributed during the Cultural Revolution.
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Deng Xiaping
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Moderate leader of China who was one of Mao’s successor; who wanted to reform China with four modernizations
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Four Modernizations
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Deng Xiaoping goals for China included the modernization of agriculture, industry, science & technology, and defense.
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Tiananmen Square Massacre
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Student protests in 1989 are brutally put down by the army killing over 7,000 and wounding around 20,000. Denied by the government
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Rowlatt Acts
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Laws to prevent Indians from protesting British actions
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Amritsar Massacre
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Turning point in India’s history that involved British troops killing & wounding several hundreds of unarmed Indians.
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Mohandas K. Gandhi
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Known as “Great Soul”; Leader of the movement for Indian independence from Britain
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Civil disobedience
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Disobeying the law for the purpose of achieving some higher goal the Indian’s continuous campaigns of civil disobedience ultimately led to Great Britain granting them limited self-rule.
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Salt March
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Gandhi’s march to the sea to protest British salt tax
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Mustafa Kemal
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Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last Ottoman sultan
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Federal system
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System in which power is shared between state governments and a central authority
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Martial law
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Military rule dissident. Person against government policy
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Apartheid
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Strict policy in South Africa of separating the races.
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Nelson Mandela
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South African leader that was arrested and given a life sentence for opposing apartheid laws.
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What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks promise before seizing power in Russia?
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To end Russia’s involvement in WWI
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How did Joseph Stalin rise to power in the Soviet Union?
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Purging his enemies in the USSR and building a loyal base
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What are the key traits of totalitarianism?
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Dictatorship, one-party rule; dynamic leader; rigid ideology; state control; dependence on modern technology; violence; enforcement through censorship and persecution
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What individual freedoms are denied in a totalitarian state?
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Freedom of religion, speech, press, and expression, choice of job and home, artistic freedom
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How did Joseph Stalin create a totalitarian state in the Soviet Union?
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He removed his enemy; police terror, propaganda, indoctrination; control of economy
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What event forced both sides in the Chinese Civil war to stop fighting and fight together, and when it ended, they resumed fighting in the civil war?
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WWII
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The support of what two groups helped the Communists win over the Nationalists in China’s Civil War?
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Women & Peasants
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Why were many Indians were angry at the British after WWI?
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Britain failed to fulfill its promise to grant India greater self-government after WWI.
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What are some examples of civil disobedience led by Mohandas Gandhi?
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Boycotts; strikes; refusal to pay British taxes, vote, or attend British schools; marches, demonstrations |
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Name three things that have slowed democracy in Africa?
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Europeans drew up borders in Africa that paid no attention to ethnic groupings, leading to ethnic conflict. The Europeans did not develop the African economies. The colonies lacked a middle class and skilled workers.
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Why was Nelson Mandela arrested in 1964?
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Mandela was arrested in South Africa & given a life sentence for opposing apartheid laws.
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Not all African independence movements ended with democracy or without bloodshed. Where were some of the worst examples of violence in Africa?
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Genocide (mass killings) in Rwanda, Sudan, & Darfur.
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