Benzodiazepines

Front 1

Therapeutic effects of benzodiazepines

Back 1

1) anxiolytic effect
2) sedative/hypnotic effect
3) anticonvulsant effect
4) muscle relaxant

Front 2

MOA of benzodiazepines

Back 2

-enhances the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
-causes Cl- channels to open and influx of cl- which hyperpolarizes the cell and decreases neuornal firing

Front 3

side effects of benzodiazepines

Back 3

1) sedation, drowsiness and lightheadedness
2) mental clouding, confusion, psychomotor impairment, slurred speech, ataxia
3) memory impairment-anterograde amnesia
4) dishinhibition of supressed behavior
5)euphoria
6) hangover effect
7) rebound anxiety
8) re spiratory depression
9) tolerance
10) dependence
11) teratogenicity

Front 4

what types of drugs cause rebound anxiety

Back 4

short acting benzos such as triazolam (halcion)

Front 5

what types of benzos might have a problem os respiratory depression?

Back 5

drugs used for surgical anesthesia such as midazolam ( versed)

Front 6

effects of benzos on sleep

Back 6

1) decreased sleep latency
2) decreased duration of stages 3 and 4
3) decreased number of awakenings
4) decrease in duration of REM sleep
5) INCREASED duration of stage 2 non-REM sleep
6) possible rebound increased in REM sleep following abrupt d/c of drug

Front 7

uses of benzos

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1) txt of anxiety
2) sedative-hypnotic effects
3) txt of alcohol withdrawal
4) txt of convulsive seizures and status epileptics
5) relief of skeletal muscle spasm and spasticity
6) preanesthetic medication of supplement
7) induction of anesthesia

Front 8

drug interactions with benzos

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1) additive to alcohol and other cns depressants
2) cimetidine, disulfuiram, isoniazide, inhibit oxidative metabolism and prolong life ( except lorazepam and oxazepam)
3) cross tolerance and cross dependence with alcohol
4) others

Front 9

metabolism of benzos

Back 9

most drugs oxidized by the liver ( except lorazepam and oxazepam)
some form active metabolites that have longer durations
generally do not induce other drug metabolizing enzymes

Front 10

buspirone

Back 10

mild- moderate anxiety
partial agonist at 5ht-1a receptors
no cross tolerance
no immeadiate therapeutic effects
drug of choice for txt of ANXIETY sedative or alcohol abuse who have been through withdrawal phase
minimal sedative-hypnotic,musce relaxant, or respiratory depression

Front 11

barbiturate poisoning

Back 11

may involve severe severe cns depression
txt is symptomatic, No ANTEDOTE

Front 12

z-hypnotics

Back 12

non-benzo sedative- hypnotic
enhance effects of GABA
less anxiolytic, relaxant, anticonvulsant activities
metabolized in the liver
zaleplon is short-acting
zolpidem and eszopiclone are longer acting
effects of cns depression
less suppression of REM sleep and produce less rebound insomnia as benzos
increase total sleep time and sleep latency

Front 13

propofol

Back 13

iv
approved for continuous sedation in ICU when intubated and mechanically ventilated
many adverse effects: hypotension, tremors, seizures. n/v

Front 14

gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Back 14

analog of GABA
ergogenic effect (improve athletic performance) and abused by athletes and now for cns effects ( sedation, euphoria, amnesia)
"date rape" drug
high dose associated with seizures, coma or death