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10 Cards in this Set
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Benzodiazepines
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chemical category of drugs most frequently prescribed as sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs. anxiolytic used to reduce anxiety
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mode of action
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-depresses CNS activity at GABA receptors without inhibiting REM sleep or activating CYP450
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indications
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many: commonly used for sedation, relief of agitation, tx of depression, sleep induction, skeletal muscle relaxation, anxiety relief, & tx of seizure disorders, also alcohol withdrawal
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contraindications
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known allergies, narrow-angle glaucoma, and pregnancy
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adverse effects
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headache, drowsiness, paradoxical excitement/nervousness, dizziness/vertigo, cognitive impairment and lethargy, "hangover" sometimes reported, sometime palpitations, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, kypokinesia, nightmares
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toxicity/overdose
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may result in: drowsiness, confusion, coma, diminished reflexes. OD of benzos alone rarely result in hyptotension or resp depression. lethal with other substances like alcohol and barbs
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tx of OD supportive & symptomatic, like gastric lavage, activated charcoal. Flumazenil is benzo antidote & can acutely reduce sedative effect-only in excessive OD
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antidote
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Flumazenil(Romazicon) can be used to acutely reverse sedative effect. this normally done in extreme OD case. competes with benzos at the binding site. short half-life
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interactions
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lethal interactions when paired with other CNS depressants such as alcohol and opioids. herbal: kava and valerian, and grapefruit.
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popular benzos
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Diazepam(valium), Midazolam(versed), Temazepam(restoril),
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nonbenzodiazepams
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zaleplon(Sonata): hypnotic, zolpidem(Ambien) hypnotic, eszopiclone(Lunesta) hypnotic, ramelteon(Rozerem) hypnotic.
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