Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many oocytes are present in the neonate |
abt 2 million
|
|
|
Of the 2 million oocytes present in the neonate about ______ will reach full maturity
|
400
|
|
|
Describe normal "functional" follicles
|
generic cyst that results from the stimulation of ovarian follicles by estrogen
|
|
|
Does a "functional" follicle change thru out menstral cycle
|
yes
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of ovarian enlargement in women of reproductive age
|
follicle growth
|
|
|
What can non-neoplastic cysts form from
|
surface epithelium of graffian follicles
|
|
|
follicular cyst
|
when a dominant follicle fails to rupture or when an immature follicle fails to regress
|
|
|
What is the typical size of a follicular cyst
|
2-20 cm
|
|
|
Are follicular cysts typically unilateral or bilateral?
|
unilateral
|
|
|
How are follicular cysts treated
|
regress spontaneously by reabsorbtion or rupture
|
|
|
what are follicular cysts lined with
|
epithelial cells (true cysts)
|
|
|
What are 4 characteristics of follicular cysts?
|
1. unilateral
2. regress spontaneously (6-8 wks) 3. lined with epithelial cells 4. filled with serous fluid |
|
|
what is another name for follicular cyst
|
ovarian cyst
|
|
|
what is a corpus luteum cyst
|
progesterone producing cysts that develop after ovulation occurs
|
|
|
How are corpus luteum cysts formed
|
egg is expelled and fluid from graffian follicle is not reabsorbed
|
|
|
What does a corpus luteum cyst look like on U/S
|
Thicker walled than functional cyst with possible internal echos
|
|
|
What is a tell tale sign of a corpus luteum cyst
|
vascular ring of fire
|
|
|
what are the differential dx for corpus luteum cysts
|
ectopic or resolving CL
|
|
|
What are the largest funtional cysts
|
Theca Lutien cysts
|
|
|
Theca Lutien cysts are associated with high levels of what hormone?
|
HCG
|
|
|
What does hCG cause
|
hyperstimulation of ovaries
|
|
|
What three things can cause an extreame increase of HCG pregnancy hormone
|
1. fertilization drug usage
2. trophoblastic disease (stimulated endo) 3. multiple preg |
|
|
How do the ovaries appear on u/s with PCOS
|
bilaterally enlarged with monoloculated,cystic masses
|
|
|
What are symptoms of theca lutein cysts
|
nausea and vomiting (extreme)
|
|
|
What are Theca Lutein cysts always linked with
|
high progesterone and HCG
|
|
|
What are para ovarian cysts
|
cysts arising from the broad ligament (a muellerian duct remnant)
|
|
|
what is another name for para ovarian cysts
|
para tubal
|
|
|
embryogenisis
|
a muellerian duct remnant
|
|
|
do para ovarian cysts change with menstral cycle
|
no
|
|
|
what other type of cyst is not distinguishable from a para ovarian cyst
|
functional
|
|
|
how do you dx a para ovarian cyst
|
by locating a normal ovary and determining it is close too but separte from cyst.
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of para-ovarian cysts
|
asymptomatic
|
|
|
What are hemorragic ovarian cysts
|
spontaneous rupture of blood vessels into a cystic ovary or a internal hemorrage of functional cyst
|
|
|
when is the internal hemorrage of a functional cyst usually seen
|
the later part of the cycle
|
|
|
What are two types of hemorragic cysts
|
1. acute hemorragic cyst
2. hemolyzed hemorragic cyst |
|
|
what is an acute hemorragic cyst
|
a cyst filled with fresh blood
|
|
|
what is a hemolysed hemorragic cyst
|
a cyst filled with clotted blood
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs of a hemorragic cyst
|
sudden onset of pelvic pain
|
|
|
when do hemorrhagic cysts usually happen
|
in the later part of the cycle
|
|
|
What is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
|
an endocrine disease that results in the over production of cysts within the ovaries
|
|
|
how is ovulation affected with PCOS
|
you can have chronic anovulation to irregular ovulation
|
|
|
What is the typical age for someone with PCOS
|
adolescent girls to late 20s
|
|
|
Are ovaries bilaterally or unilaterally affected with PCOS
|
bilaterally
|
|
|
What other condition is PCOS associated with
|
adreanal hyperplasia
|
|
|
what are the clinical findings or symptoms for PCOS
|
obesity, amenorrhea, increased LH levels, infertility, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, increased testosterone levels
|
|
|
What is the u/s appearance of PCOS
|
bilateral, ovaries enlarged, multicystic (80%)
|
|
|
What are the two possible appearances of PCOS
|
string of pearls (circle around)
general cystic pattern thru-out |
|
|
benign epithelial cell tumor percentages
|
70% benign
30% malignant |
|
|
at what age are you most likely to have an epithelian cell tumor
|
40-60 yrs
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of serous cystadenoma
|
has serous fluid
uni or multilocular typically unitlateral septations within well defined borders rarely contain projections |
|
|
what symptoms might a pt report with epithelial cell tumor
|
pelvic pressure, pain and bloating with increasing size
|
|
|
what is the average size of a benign epithelial tumor
|
5-10cm
|
|
|
What u/s observations should be made with serous cystadenoma
|
look at density, size and solid
|
|
|
unilocular
|
one compartment
|
|
|
multilocular
|
septated
|
|
|
what is the largest of all possible benign ovarian cysts
|
mucinous cystadenoma
|
|
|
What is the appearance of the mucous fluid in the mucinous cystadenoma
|
thick, echogenic
|
|
|
what are the differences btw serous and mucinous cysts
|
Mucinous are more loculated, larger and more numerous
|
|
|
what are clinical signs of mucinous cystadenoma
|
*pain
*pressure *bloating signs get worse with size of cyst |
|
|
if a mucinous cystadenoma ruptures it can develop into
|
pseudomyxoma peritonei
|
|
|
what is pseudomyxoma peritonei
|
thick gelatinous fluid in the peritoneum
|
|
|
What type of cyst is the most likely to mimic a malignancy
|
cystadenofibroma
|
|
|
Which type of cyst is partly cystic and partly solid
|
cystadenofibroma
|
|
|
what are brennar tumors also known as
|
transitional cell tumor
|
|
|
wht is the average size of brennar tumors
|
<2cm usually found incidentaly
|
|
|
what is a differential dx for brennar tumors
|
predunculated fibroid
|
|
|
benign ovarian tumors can be divided into 3 categories. What are they
|
1. Epithelial cell tumors
2. germ cell tumors 3.stromal cell tumors |
|
|
What is another name for a teratoma
|
dermoid cyst
|
|
|
What is the most benign, solid tumor of the ovaries
|
dermoid cyst/ teratoma
|
|
|
What is the most common age for a teratoma
|
20-30
|
|
|
Are teratoma's unilateral or bilateral
|
unilateral
|
|
|
teretoma's contain tissue from all three embryonic layers which are:
|
endoderm
mesoderm ectoderm |
|
|
what is the u/s appearance of a teratoma
|
vary from hyper, hypo to solid
may shadow may be fat/fluid or fluid/fluid may be confused with bowel |
|
|
what are two signs of dermoids
|
"Tip of the Iceburg"
"Dermoid Plug" |
|
|
What is the "tip of the iceburg sign"
|
fat floating on top of fluid
echogenic anteriorly shadowing posteriorly |
|
|
What is a dermoid plug
|
nodule of solid tissue seen with dermoid cyst
|
|
|
what are four types of stromal cell tumors
|
fibroma
thecoma sertoli leydig cell granulosa cell |
|
|
what does a stromal cell tumor look like on u/s
|
hypoechoic with no thru transmission
|
|
|
What is a fibroma
|
tumor associated with Meig's disease which can cause massive pelvis acites, plueral effusion and ovarian tumor
|
|
|
are fibromas unilateral or bilateral
|
unilateral
|
|
|
what is the typical age range for fibromas
|
40-50
|
|
|
what does a fibroma look like on U/S
|
attenuates sound; looks like fibroid, solid mass, may contain calcifications
|
|
|
thecoma
|
a hormone producing ovarian tumor
|
|
|
what age group usually gets fibromas
|
post menopausal women
|
|
|
sertoli-leydig tumors
|
a masculizing tumor (secretes male sex hormones which cause secondary male characteristics)
|
|
|
average age for sertoli leydig tumors
|
25
|
|
|
u/s appearance of sertoli-leydig
|
lobulated and complex
|
|
|
granulosa cell tumors
|
a feminizing tumor (estrogen only producing mass) containing cells from the graffian follicle
|
|
|
what are clinical signs of granulosa cell tumors
|
occurs in post menopausal women
vaginal bleeding breast fullness percocous puberty if younger |
|
|
U/S appearance of granulosa cell tumors
|
predom. cystic may have some solid component
rarely found on u/s |
|
|
ovarian torsion
|
partial or complete rotation of the ovary
|
|
|
what are some causes of ovarian torsion
|
1.associated with adnexal masses
2. childhood or adolesence 3. rt ovary more likely to torse than left |
|
|
what are possible clinical symtoms of torsion
|
1. severe pelvic pain
2. fever (necrosis or abcess formation) 3. palpable mass 4.sym. similar to that of appendecitis 5. enlarged ovary 6. free fluid in cul de sac |
|
|
u/s appearance of ovarian torsion
|
no blood flow to ovary
|
|
|
differential dx for ovarian torsion
|
ovarian mass
ectopic preg hemorrhagic cyst PID abcessed appendicitis |
|
|
what causes ovarian hyperstimulation
|
extreamly high hCG levels caused by ovarian stimulation for infertility or trophblastic disease
|
|
|
What is the U/S appearance of ovarian hyperstimulation
|
large septated ovaries with numerous thin walled cysts within (theca lutien cysts)
|
|
|
What is a possible life threatening condition caused by ovarian hyperstimulation
|
electrolyte immbalance
|
|
|
what are the measurements for mild, moderate and severe hyperstimulation
|
Mild (<5cm)
moderate (5-12cm) severe (>12) |
|
|
The tumor that most mimics gas or bowel in the pelvis is?
|
a Dermoid
|
|
|
what is the post typical appearance of PCOS
|
cysts seen around the perimeter of both ovaries; bilateral
|
|
|
What type of tumor is a teratoma
|
germ cell tumor
|
|
|
what condition is associated with Meig's disease
|
fibroma
|
