Benchmark 12 Weeks

Front 1

mitochondria

Back 1

transfers energy to ATP

Front 2

ER

Back 2

prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steriods

Front 3

Cell membrane

Back 3

regulates movement of substances into and out of a cell

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ribosome

Back 4

organizes protein synthesis

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cell

Back 5

the basic unit of life

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Golgi apparatus

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processes and packages substances produced by the cell

Front 7

nucleus

Back 7

stores DNA and synthesizes RNA

Front 8

lysosome

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digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances

Front 9

plasmolysis

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shrinking of cells

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vesicle

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membrane-bound organelle

Front 11

hypertonic

Back 11

relatively high solute concentration

Front 12

concentration gradient

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concentration difference across space

Front 13

cytolysis

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bursting of cells

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hypotonic

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relatviely low solute concentration

Front 15

phagocytosis

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uptake of large particles

Front 16

pinocytosis

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uptake of solutes or fluids

Front 17

The maximum size to which a cell may grow is limited mainly by the cell's

Back 17

surface area

Front 18

The discovery of cells is limited most directly with

Back 18

the development of the microscope

Front 19

In which of the following types of cells would you expect to find a large number of

Back 19

muscle

Front 20

Microfilaments and microtubules

Back 20

function in cell structure and movement

Front 21

which of the following is the correct order of structures in living things, from the simplest to the most complex?

Back 21

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Front 22

An example of an organ is

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the stomach

Front 23

Short, hairlike organelles that can move and may cover a unicellylar organism or line the respiratory tract are called

Back 23

cilia

Front 24

The first cells on earth were likley

Back 24

prokaryotes that did not make their own food

Front 25

Name two functions of the proteins embedded in the cell membrane

Back 25

they serve as attachment sites for molecules in the extracellular fluid and transport substances across the membrane

Front 26

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Back 26

all living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism, and cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Front 27

name two different kinds of animal cells and describe how their shape is related to their function

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nerve cell has long extintions to transmit quicly and skin cells are flat so it can cover large areas

Front 28

Descirbe two differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

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prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and eukaryotic cells do have a membrane-bound nucleus

Front 29

what is a colonial organism?

Back 29

a collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a closely group

Front 30

The process of diffusion requires

Back 30

a difference in the concentration of molecules throughout a space

Front 31

if the molecular concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space

Back 31

is in equilibrium

Front 32

a type of transport in which water moves across a membrane and down its concentration gradient is

Back 32

osmosis

Front 33

net movement of water across a cell membrane occurs

Back 33

from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution

Front 34

all forms of passive transport depends on

Back 34

the kinetic energy of molecules

Front 35

sodium-potassium pump

Back 35

move sodium ions out of cells and potassium into the cells

Front 36

What structure that can move excess water out of unicellular organisms is a

Back 36

contractile vacuole

Front 37

most of the time, the enviorment that plant cells live in is

Back 37

hypotonic

Front 38

plasmolysis of a huma red blood cell would occur if the cell were

Back 38

in a hypertonic solution

Front 39

name three types of passive transport

Back 39

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Front 40

name three types of active transport

Back 40

sodium-potassium pump, exocytosis, endocytosis

Front 41

what is the fundamental difference between carrier proteins that participate in facilitated diffusion and carrier proteins that function as a pump?

Back 41

carrier proteins that serve in facilitated diffusion transport molecules from an are of higher concentration on one side of the membrane to an are of lower concentration on the other side.
carrier proteins that function uses energy

Front 42

Describe the action of the sodium-potassium pump

Back 42

3 sodium bind into the protein and the phosphate binds to form atp. then the sodium are released on the outside of the cell. 2 potassium ions bind onto the carrier protien and the phosphate is cut away. then the potassium are released inside the cell

Front 43

contrast endocytosis and exocytosis

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endoycytosis is the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules and large particlesm including other cells. Exocytosis is vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane releasing there contents into the cells external enviorment