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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phonology
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the sounds of a language and the study of these sounds
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phonetics
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study of the sounds of speech and not necessarily as members of a system
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phonemics
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study of the sounds of a given language as significantly contrasting members of a system
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phonemes
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members of the system
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morphology
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arrangement and relationships of the smallest meaningful units of language
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morphemes
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minimum units of meaning
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free morphemes
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morphemes that can be used alone as independent words (ex. take, for, each, panda)
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bound morphemes
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form words only when attached to other morphemes (ex. re-, dis-, -ed)
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affixes
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prefixes and suffixes, the most familiar bound morphemes
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inflectional affixes
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indicates a gramatical feature such as a number or tense
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derivational affixes
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may be either prefixes or suffixes
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allomorph
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different forms of a morpheme (same morpheme, different sounds)
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lexical morphemes
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content words with referents in the real world (ex. radio, swim)
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functional morphemes
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signal relationships with the language itself (ex. but, a, of)
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syntax
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arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences; word order
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lexicon
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list of all the morphemes in the language
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semantics
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study of meanings or all the meanings expressed by a language
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graphics
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linguistic term refers to the systematic representation of language in writing
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grapheme
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a single unit of graphics
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fusion
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merger of two formally distinct units (ex. h sound collapsed in f-words like rough, tough)
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fission
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split of a single unit into two distinct terms (ex. discret(e)->discrete and discreet)
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outer history
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events that have happened to the speakers of the language leading to changes in the language (ex. norman invasion)
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inner history
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changes that occur within the language itself, changes that cannot be attributed to external forces (long a become short o, ham and gat -> home and goat)
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reflexes
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descendant phonological changes
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