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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pain? |
An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage |
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Argument by analogy approach |
Since subjective experiences are known only to those experiencing them, the only way we can infer their existence in any other being, human or non-human, is analogy Evidence: neuroanatomy, neuropharm (e.g., give lidocaine, reduce pain signs), behaciour |
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New framework of analyzing painful procedures |
-What are the aims of the procedure? -Does the procedure achieve its aims and what are the negative effects on the animal? -Can the procedure be modified to reduce pain and distress(including pain management)? |
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Evaluating castration with new framework |
-Aim: reduce aggressive behaviour in fattening/finishing animals, reduce sexual odour risk. -Aim is achieved -Should be done with anaesthesia and prolonged analgesia to reduce pain. Immunocastration alternative method with no pain |
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Broiler chickens and analgesia |
Would self-medicated with carprofen (analgesic) as needed and come off of it as pain improved. |
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Chicken beak trimming |
-Decreases injuries due to hysteria and cannibalism -Feather and vent pecking -Chronic pain? -Extensive nerve supply, amputation leads to neuroma formation -Little pain reported in young birds, possibly because nervous structures of beaks have not matured. Recommend trimming younger than 10 days -Infrared causes less nerve damage than heat blades |
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Duck bill searing |
-Sear off hooked end to prevent feather plucking, idea is not crushing anything so less damage than trimming. -No sear, heat sear, IR sear (new), no sear with foraging material (straw) -IR sear birds had least feather damage, heat sear and foraging almost same -farmers will not use straw forage though because drops and blocks manure systems -IR searing most consistently reduces feather plucking, reduces total labour cost, reduces infection from open wounds |
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Abnormal behaviour criteria |
Unnatural: seen only in captivity (e.g., stereotypies) Unexpected: Seen in the wild as well as captivity - innapropriate circumstances (infanticide in mice), or performed excessively (screeching in parrots) Non-functional: Self injury, affect social interactions, affect growth or reproduction |
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Types of abnormal behaviours |
self injury redirect behaviours vacuum activities Displacement activities Adjunctive behaviour Abnormal repetitive behaviour |
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Self injury behaviour |
e.g., macaques self biting -caused by moving to a new cage, fear causing staff, solitary housing -environmental enrichment has no effect, drugs can calm, social housing helps |
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Redirect behaviour |
Actual movement patterns are part of normal behaviour. Normal behaviour is "redirected" to innapropriate target often in enviro that lacks normal target. -Sheep in pens where they can't graze clip penmates in a manner that resembles grazing -Calf-cross sucking: calves show strong motivation to suck when separated from mother, esp after feeding
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Vacuum activities |
Occur in the absence of any obvious stim or target. -Starlings show movement of catching flies even though no insects present. -Veal calves fed only milk until four months start tongue rolling, an early stage of using tongue to grasp grass |
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Displacement activities |
Behaviour displaced from one behavioural system to another. -skylarks fighting suddenly stop and peck at ground and preen. -chickens prevented from gainaing access to feeder pace and preen
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adjunctive behaviour |
Related to displacement behaviour -rats had to wait 1 min for next food reward drank water during intervals, 3-4x more water intake |
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Abnormal repetitive behaviours |
Stereotypies -abnormally high aggression in baboons in zoo with unnatural gender ratio and no escapre |
