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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of dying
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Denial
Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
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What is normal greif called?
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Bereavement
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What is abnormal grief called?
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Depression
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Hypo- or hyperhtyroid is present with ___.
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Anxiety
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Pancreatic carcinoma has an early sign of ___
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Depression
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What lab study is important for behavioral problems?
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Endocrine study
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Abnormal GH, melatonin, gonadotropin, TH =
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Depression
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abnormal gonadotropin =
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Schizophrenia
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Which 2 adrenal disorders classically demonstrate psychiatric symptoms?
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Addison's and Cushing's
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Hypothyroid =
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Depression
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Hyperthyroid =
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anxiety
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carbamazepine and valproic acid are ____ agents.
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mood stabilizing agents
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carbamazepine and valproic acid are associated with _____.
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Abnormal liver function
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carbamazepine and clozapine are assoc. with _____.
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Agranulocytosis
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Lithium treatment is used as ____ agent, and is assoc. with ___.
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antimaniac agent, assoc. with HYPOthyroid and KIDNEY problems.
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Table 1:
Physical Conditions assoc. with DEPRESSION |
HYPOthyroidism (myxedema)
Addison's Dz Cushing's Pancreatic Carcinoma |
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Table 1:
Physical Conditions assoc. with ANXIETY |
HYPERthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
Pheochromocytoma Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia |
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Table 1:
Physical Conditions assoc. with PSYCHOSIS/Personality Changes |
AIDS dementia
Acute Intermittent Porphyria Connective Tissue Disorder (SLE, RA) HYPOparathyroidism HYPERparathyroidism Wilson's disease |
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How long after using ALCOHOL can you detect it in the blood? (i.e. half-life)
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Hours
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How long after use can you detect gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood?
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Hours
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How long after use of barbiturates and benzo's can you detect them in the body?
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7 days or less
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How long can you detect NON-methadone opiates after use?
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12-36 hours
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How long after using Methadone can you detect it?
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2-3 days
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How long can you detect COTININE (nicotine metabolite) after being used?
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1-2 days
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How long after using an AMPHETAMINE can u detect it?
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1-2 days
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How long after using a Benzoylecgonine (Cocaine metabolite) can u detect it?
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1-3 days in occasional users, longer in heavier users
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How long after using cannabinoid metabolites can u detect it?
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7-28 days
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How long after using glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and creatinine phosphokinase can u detect it?
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More than 7 days
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When do you see elevated serum CPK and Glitamic-oxaloacetic transaminase?
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After muscle damage assoc. with PCP use.
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Where is dopamine made?
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Substantia Nigra, and ventral tegmental area
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Where is Norepi made?
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Locus ceruleus
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Where is Serotonin made?
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Raphe Nuclei
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HVA is a metabolite of __?
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Dopamine
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VMA is a metabolite of ___
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Norepi
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MHPG is a metabolite of ___
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Norepi
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5-HIAA is a metabolite of ___
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Serotonin
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↑ HVA
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Schizophrenia
Other Psychotic illnesses |
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↑ VMA
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Adrenal Medulla tumor (Pheochromocytoma)
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↓ HVA
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Parkinson's Dz
Pt. treated with antipsychotic agents Depression |
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↓ MHPG
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Severe depression
Attempted suicide |
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↓ 5-HIAA
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Severe depression
attempted suicide aggressiveness and violence Impulsiveness Fire setting Tourette's syndrome Alcohol abuse Bulimia |
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What are the 4 diagnostic tests used to supplement psychiatric assessment?
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Dexamethasone suppression test
Drug-assisted Interviewing Sodium Lactate Administration Galvanic Skin response |
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What is a component of the lie detector test?
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Galvanic skin response
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Positive dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is seen in 1/5 of ppl with....
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Major depressive disorder
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False positive results of DST are assoc. with...
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schizophrenia
dementia pregnancy anorexia weight loss Cushing's EtOH abuse Benzodiazepine Withdrawal |
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False negative results of DST are assoc. with...
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Addison's Dz
Benzo treatment high steroid use |
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What is drug assisted interviewing used for?
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high anxiety pts.
dissociative disorders conversion disorders mute psychotic states |
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What substances are used for drug assisted interviewing?
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amobarbital sodium
barbiturates benzo's |
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What is sodium lactate administration used for?
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panic disorder
it can induce a panic attack, and so can CO2 inhalation |
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Identifies anatomically based brain changes (e.g. enlarged ventricles) in cognitive and psychotic disorders
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CT
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Identifies demyelinating disease (MS)
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MRI
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Shows the anatomic and biochemical conditions of neural tissues w/o exposing the pt to ionizing radiation
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MRI
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Detects and visualizes rapid biochemical changes in neural tissueduring specific tasks or as a result of trauma
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Functional MRI
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Localizes areas of the brain that are physiologically active during specific tasts by characterizing and measureing metabolism of glucose in neural tissue
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PET
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Measures specific NT receptors using positron-emitting compds.
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PET
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Requires availability of a cyclotron b/c of short half-life of such compds
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PET
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Obtains similar data to PET but is more practical for clinical use b/c it uses a standad gamma camera rather than a cyclotron
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SPECT
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Structural changes in the brain can be identified by what kind of imaging?
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CT and MRI
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Physiological changes in the brain can be detected by what kinds of imaging?
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PET, fMRI, & SPECT
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What area of the brain does EEG measure?
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the CORTEX
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EEG with sharp waves, spikes, and paroxysmal activity =
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EPILEPSY
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Slowing of EEG =
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DELIRIUM
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What do EEG's of dementia pt's look like?
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Normal EEG
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EEG with decreased alpha waves, increase theta & delta waves, and epileptiform activity =
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schizophrenia
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Measures electrical activity in the cortex
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EEG
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Quantifies electrical activity in cortex in response to tactile, auditory, or visual stimulation
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Evoked EEG
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Test used to detect and localize brain lesions and determine their effects
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Halstead-Reitan Battery
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Test used to determine left or right cerebral dominance and specific types of brain dysfunction
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Luria-Nebraska Neurophysiological Battery
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Test used to determine dyslexia
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Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
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Test used to evaluate visual and motor ability in adults and children through teh reproduction of designs
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Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
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Neuropsychological test commonly used at bedside to follow improvement or deterioration in function in pts with neuro problems
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Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination
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Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 3
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total unconsciousness or coma
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Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 15
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completely alert
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"Tell me where you are and what day it is"
Used to test |
ORIENTATION
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"Name the object that I'm holding"
Used to test |
LANGUAGE
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"Subtract 7 from 100 and then continue to subtract 7's"
Used to test |
ATTENTION and CALCULATION
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"Repeat the names of these three objects"
Used to test |
REGISTRATION
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Remove the objects and after 5 minutes, "Recall the names of the three objects I showed you"
Tests... |
RECALL
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"Copy this design"
Tests |
CONSTRUCTION
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Maximum score on MMSE =
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30
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MMSE total score of < 25 suggests
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Cognitive Problems
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MMSE total score of < 20 suggests
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Significant Impairment
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GCS score < 12 =
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Mild neurologial impairment
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GCS score 9-12 =
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Moderate Impairment
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GCS score < 9 =
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Severe Impairment
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