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71 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
neuroscience
the scientific study of the nervous system
biopsychology
the scientific study of the biology of behavior
neuroanatomy
the study of the structure of the nervous system
neurochemistry
the study of chemical bases of neural activity
neuroendocrinology
the study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system
neuropathology
the study of nervous systems disorders
neuropharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on neural activity
neurophysiology
the study of the functions and activities of the nervous system
confounded variable
a variable other than the independent that caused change in the dependent
coolidge effect
a male that becomes incapable of having sex with one partner can recommence copulating with a new sex partner
lordosis
the arched back sexual position displayed by rats in the coolidge effect experiment
quasiexperimental studies
no random assignment because the subjects have already been exposed(ex. alcoholism)
pure research
reasearch done just for the curiosity of the researcher
applied research
research intended to bringa about direct benefit to human kind
cerebral cortex
the outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere that is most likely to be damaged by acciedent or surgery
EEG
the usual measure of brain activity is the scalp
automatic nervous system(ANS)
the division of the nervous system that regulates the body's inner environment
cognitive neuroscience
studies the neural bases of cognition which refers to higher intellectual processes such as thought, memor and attention(less invasive)
ethological research
the study of animal behavior in its natural environment
scientific inference
measuring things you can observe and using these measures as a basis for prediction
ch.2
below
cartesian dualism
the idea that the human brain and the mind are separate entities
asomatognosia
a deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's own body
fitness
the ability of an organism to survive and contribute its genes to the next generation
species
a group of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other organisms
conspecifics
members of the same species
chordates
animals with dorsal nerve cords large nerves that run along the center of the back
vertebrates
the spinal bones are called vertebrae and the chordates that have them are called vertebrates
Mammals
the class that feeds their young with the mammary glands
spandrels
the incidental non-adaptive evolutionary by products
homologous
structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin
analogous
structures that are similar but do not have a common evolutionary origin
convergent evolution
the evolution of unrelated species of similar solutions to the same envirionmental demand
brain stem
regulates reflex activity critical for survival(heart rate, respiration and blood glucose level)
cerebrum
involved in learning perception and motivation
polygyny
when males mate with more than one female
polyandry
when one female mates with more than one male
monogamy
when bonds are formed between one male and female 4% of mammalian species
dichotomous traits
traits that occur in one form or another never in combination
true-breeding
breeding lines which interbred members always produce offspring with the same trait
phenotype
an organisms observable traits
genotype
the traits that can be passed on through genetic material
alleles
two genes that control the same trait
meiosis
the process of cell division that produces gametes(sex cells)
mitosis
the cell division of body cells
DNA
each chromosome is a sequence of nucleotide bases attached to a chain of phospate and deoxyribose
mutations
errors in duplication during mitosis
autosomal chromosomes
the typical chromosomes that come in matched pairs exeception sex chromosomes
enhancers
stretches of DNA whose function it is to determine whether particluar genes initiate synthesis of proteins and how much
mitochondria
the energy generating structures located in the cytoplasm of the cell including neurons, also contains DNA
epigenetics
the pattern of the actual gene vs. the genes expressed during gene expression
GABA
main inhibitory neurotransmitter
norepinepherin
mood, hunger arousal
Acetylcholine
PNS and CNS
dopamine
motor function and reward
glutame
main excitory neurotransmitter
agonists
drugs that facilitate the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
antagonists
drugs that inhibit the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
ch.5
break
contrast x-rays
involves injecting into one compartment of the body a substance that absorbs x-rays (ex. cerebral angiography)
Computed tomography(CT)
computer assited x-ray 3d
MRI
measure of hydrogen atoms
PET
provides images of brain activity cognitive neuroscience measure of radioactive 2-deoxyglucose is inserted
Functional MRI
measure oxygen flow in the blood to different brain areas
spatial resolution
measures amount of space
temportal resolution
records fast changes in neural activity
EEG
measure of the gross electrical activity of the brain
alpha waves
associated with relaxed wakefulness
ERPs
event related potentials
cerebral dialysis
a method of measuring the extracellular concentration of specific neurochemicals in behaving animals
behavioral paradigm
a single set of procedures developed for the investigation of a particlular behavioral phenomenon