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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neuroscience
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the scientific study of the nervous system
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biopsychology
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the scientific study of the biology of behavior
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neuroanatomy
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the study of the structure of the nervous system
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neurochemistry
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the study of chemical bases of neural activity
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neuroendocrinology
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the study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system
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neuropathology
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the study of nervous systems disorders
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neuropharmacology
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the study of the effects of drugs on neural activity
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neurophysiology
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the study of the functions and activities of the nervous system
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confounded variable
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a variable other than the independent that caused change in the dependent
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coolidge effect
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a male that becomes incapable of having sex with one partner can recommence copulating with a new sex partner
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lordosis
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the arched back sexual position displayed by rats in the coolidge effect experiment
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quasiexperimental studies
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no random assignment because the subjects have already been exposed(ex. alcoholism)
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pure research
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reasearch done just for the curiosity of the researcher
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applied research
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research intended to bringa about direct benefit to human kind
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cerebral cortex
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the outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere that is most likely to be damaged by acciedent or surgery
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EEG
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the usual measure of brain activity is the scalp
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automatic nervous system(ANS)
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the division of the nervous system that regulates the body's inner environment
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cognitive neuroscience
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studies the neural bases of cognition which refers to higher intellectual processes such as thought, memor and attention(less invasive)
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ethological research
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the study of animal behavior in its natural environment
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scientific inference
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measuring things you can observe and using these measures as a basis for prediction
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ch.2
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below
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cartesian dualism
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the idea that the human brain and the mind are separate entities
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asomatognosia
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a deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's own body
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fitness
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the ability of an organism to survive and contribute its genes to the next generation
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species
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a group of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other organisms
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conspecifics
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members of the same species
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chordates
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animals with dorsal nerve cords large nerves that run along the center of the back
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vertebrates
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the spinal bones are called vertebrae and the chordates that have them are called vertebrates
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Mammals
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the class that feeds their young with the mammary glands
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spandrels
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the incidental non-adaptive evolutionary by products
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homologous
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structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin
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analogous
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structures that are similar but do not have a common evolutionary origin
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convergent evolution
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the evolution of unrelated species of similar solutions to the same envirionmental demand
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brain stem
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regulates reflex activity critical for survival(heart rate, respiration and blood glucose level)
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cerebrum
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involved in learning perception and motivation
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polygyny
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when males mate with more than one female
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polyandry
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when one female mates with more than one male
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monogamy
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when bonds are formed between one male and female 4% of mammalian species
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dichotomous traits
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traits that occur in one form or another never in combination
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true-breeding
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breeding lines which interbred members always produce offspring with the same trait
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phenotype
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an organisms observable traits
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genotype
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the traits that can be passed on through genetic material
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alleles
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two genes that control the same trait
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meiosis
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the process of cell division that produces gametes(sex cells)
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mitosis
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the cell division of body cells
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DNA
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each chromosome is a sequence of nucleotide bases attached to a chain of phospate and deoxyribose
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mutations
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errors in duplication during mitosis
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autosomal chromosomes
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the typical chromosomes that come in matched pairs exeception sex chromosomes
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enhancers
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stretches of DNA whose function it is to determine whether particluar genes initiate synthesis of proteins and how much
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mitochondria
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the energy generating structures located in the cytoplasm of the cell including neurons, also contains DNA
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epigenetics
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the pattern of the actual gene vs. the genes expressed during gene expression
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GABA
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main inhibitory neurotransmitter
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norepinepherin
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mood, hunger arousal
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Acetylcholine
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PNS and CNS
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dopamine
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motor function and reward
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glutame
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main excitory neurotransmitter
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agonists
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drugs that facilitate the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
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antagonists
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drugs that inhibit the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
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ch.5
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break
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contrast x-rays
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involves injecting into one compartment of the body a substance that absorbs x-rays (ex. cerebral angiography)
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Computed tomography(CT)
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computer assited x-ray 3d
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MRI
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measure of hydrogen atoms
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PET
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provides images of brain activity cognitive neuroscience measure of radioactive 2-deoxyglucose is inserted
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Functional MRI
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measure oxygen flow in the blood to different brain areas
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spatial resolution
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measures amount of space
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temportal resolution
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records fast changes in neural activity
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EEG
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measure of the gross electrical activity of the brain
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alpha waves
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associated with relaxed wakefulness
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ERPs
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event related potentials
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cerebral dialysis
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a method of measuring the extracellular concentration of specific neurochemicals in behaving animals
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behavioral paradigm
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a single set of procedures developed for the investigation of a particlular behavioral phenomenon
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