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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the definition of health?
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health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being
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Who defined health and when?
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-WHO world health organization
-adopted in 1946 -entered into force 1948 |
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What type of changing perspectives now broaden the definition of health?
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-changes in social conditions and morals, professional ethids and social institutions
-shifts in views of civil and human rights -recognition of environmental health and ecology |
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What other types of changing perspectives now broaden the definition of health?
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-technological changes influencing work, home and life in communities such as transportation, computing and telecommunications
-advancements in the biological, physical, quantitative, social and behavioral sciences |
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When did the Ottawa charter for health promotion come to be?
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1986
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What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say about health?
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health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life
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What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say were factors that can favor or be harmful to health?
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-political
-economic -social -environmental -behavioral -biologic factors |
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What did the Ottawa charter for Health promotion say are prerequisites for health/fundamental conditions and resources for health?
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peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, epuity
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What are determinants of health?
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factors that interact to create circumstances and produce specific health conditions
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What are the two categories that are determinants of health?
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-inherited determinants
-acquired determinants |
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What are inherited determinants?
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factors that are inborn or genetically determines
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What are acquired determinants?
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-factors that influence health and are obtained after birth and throughout life
-examples:infections, trauma, cultural characteristics, spiritual values |
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What are some more factors that affect health throughout life?
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-general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions
-living and working conditions -social and community influences -individual lifestyle factors -age, gender, genetic factors |
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What is the conceptual model 1?
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Mandala of health: A model of the human ecosystem
**deals with self, family, lifestyle, community, culture |
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What is the conceptual model 2?
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-a systematic approach to health improvement
-the framework from healthy people 2010 ***deals with goals, objectives |
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What are the determinants of health?
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All interconnected
-policies and interventions -physical environment -social environment -behavior, individual, biology -access to quality care |
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Is oral health more than healthy teeth and the absence of disease?
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yes
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Is oral health integral to general health?
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yes
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What are some factors that can influence oral, dental and craniofacial health?
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-behavioral,pshchological
-biology, physiological -physical environment -social environment, cultural, community factors -economic educational -policies and interventions -access to quality health care and oral health care-characteriatics of intitutions and systems, practices of professionals |
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What does "access to oral health services" mean?
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-clinical dental care
-community preventive services(like water fluoridation) |
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What factors affect access to oral health services?
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-availability
-accessibility -accommodation -affordability -acceptability |
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What are some individual behaviors affecting oral, dental and craniofacial health?
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-diet & nutrition
-home care practices -seeking dental care -tobacco use -alcohol use -craniofacial injury control practices -habitual grinding and clenching |
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What are some factors involved in periodontal disease and dental caries?
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-etiologic agents
-time -environment and behavior -patient susceptibility |
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Is dental caries a multifactoral oral disease?
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yes
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What factors are in the epidemiology triangle?
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-host factors
-environmental factors -agent factors |
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What are host factors of the epidemiology triangle?
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-tooth enamel-crystal and mineral structure
-saliva-flow and composition -immunity-response to pathogens -host-values, beliefs, behaviors |
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What are agent factors of the epidemiology triangle?
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-bacterial biofilm
-specific bacteria-streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus -other bacteria |
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What are environmental factors of the epidemiology triangle?
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-plaque
-enzymes -minerals -bacterial substrate-fermentable CHO -protective factors-fluorids -socioeconomic factors -community norms and cultural factors -family & social support networks |
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How do the cultural factors ethnicity, symbolism, tradition influence dietary intake?
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cultural identities with food, special celebrations
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How does the cultural factor religion influence dietary intake?
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religious groups retain food practices
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How does the cultural factor family influence dietary intake?
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parents pass on food likes and dislikes, family traditions
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How does the cultural factor social status influence dietary intake?
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social connotations, food gifts
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How does the cultural factor geography influence dietary intake?
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food habit patterns between countries and within countries, local seasonal variations
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How does the cultural factor education influence dietary intake?
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eating habits influenced by peers, mass communication
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How does the cultural factor economic factors influence dietary intake?
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food prices and financial considerations tied to types and amounts
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How does the cultural factor current trends influence dietary intake?
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"fast" food out or prepared food
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How does the psychological factor emotion influence dietary intake?
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food is used to soothe distress or discomfort
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How does the psychological factor associations with past experiences influence dietary intake?
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avoid food tied to unpleasant incidents or gravitatie to foods ties to pleasant situations
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How does the psychological factor reward and punishment influence dietary intake?
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food is used as incentives or manipulate behavior
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What type of physiological factor health conditions influence dietary intake?
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diabetes, heart disease, allergies
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What about the sences physiological factor influences dietary intake?
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food appearance, color, consistency and odor
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What are general factors that affect dietary intake?
What do these factors lead to? |
-individuals,food,environment
-preferences/contraints,food choice, and food consumption |
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What is the guide to community preventive services handbook for?
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a logic framework illustrating a conceptual approach to nutrition and community health
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What is the focus of prevention concerning environmental influences?
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-sociocultural environment
-physical environment |
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What is the focus of prevention concerning risk behaviors?
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-tobacco use
-alcohol abuse -other substance abuse -poor nutrition -inadequate physicala activity -unhealthy sexual behaviors |
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What is the focus of prevention concerning specific conditions?
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-vaccine preventable disease
-pregnancy outcomes -violence -motor vehicle injuries -depression -cancer -diabetes -oral health |
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What is the definition of health promotion?
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Any planned combination of education, politaical, regulatory and organizational supports for action and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups or communities
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Is health education an importent part of health promotion?
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yes
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What all is involved in health promotion?
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-advocacy
-efforts to change organizations, policies and environments -political considerations -ethical responsibilities |
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What actions can focus on health promotion suggested by the ottawa charter for health promotion?
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-building healthy public policy
-creating supportive environments -strengthening community actions -developing personal skills -reorienting health services |
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What is the definition of health promotion?
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this is a broad concept that refers to the process of enabling people and communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and to improve their own health
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What are community health promotion activities and programs that address health problems in populations?
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-creating a healthy environment
-reducing risk factors -informing target groups -improving knowledge and behaviors |
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What is the definition of oral health promotion?
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any planned combination of education, political, regulatory and organizational supports for action and conditions of living conducive to the oral health or individuals, groups, or communities
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Is oral health education an important part of oral health promotion?
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yes
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What are some examples of oral health promotion?
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-programs that encourage people of all ages to stop using tobacco
-regulations requiring the use of mouthguards in contact sports -laws prohibit tobacco sales to minors -labels that indicate the amount of sugar in a food product |
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What is the definition of health education?
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any planned combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable, or reinforce voluntary behavior conducive to health in individuals, groups, or communities
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What is the definition of oral health education?
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any planned combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable or reinforce voluntary behavior conducive to oral health in individuals, groups or communities
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What are examples of oral health education?
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-health education program to prevent tobacco use among youth as a component of a coordinated school health program
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What are examples of oral health education?
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-community wide health education interventions to promote use of dental sealants by directing education strategies to the public in the community, dental practitioners, health professionals, policy makers, perents and individuals
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What is an example of oral health education?
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patient education with a patient that enhances dietary habits to prevent dental caries
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What are various settings for oral health promotion and oral health education?
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-clinical health care settings
-government agencies -volunntary health organizations -health systems and hospitals -health insurers -worksite and employee health programs -school health- preschool/highschool -college and university students health programs -professional organizations -community organizations -media organizations |
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Who can provide and support effoerts that can make a difference through oral health promotion and oral disease prevention?
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-clinical practitioner
-program adminstrator -advisor -advocate -volunteer -in the private, public and non-profit sectors |
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What is the definition of a theory?
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a set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables, in order to explain and predict the events or situations
***this is sometimes called the conceptuaal framework or model |
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When does an abstract theory come to life?
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only when it is applied to specific topics and problems
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For planning health promotion efforts, is it important to classify and explain the multitude of factors that influence health?
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yes
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In an effort to promote health and prevent disease, what do theories do?
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help to analyze and interpret health problems and then to plan and evaluate interventions
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What different specific levels are theories for health promotion practice focused at?
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-individual/intrapersonal
-interpersonal between people -community including institiutional or arganizational change as well as public policy -multiple levels including community, interpersonal & individual levels |
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What type of theories are implemented at the community level?
****institutional change, organizational change and public policy change |
-community organization theory
-stage theory of organizational change -diffusion of innovations theory |
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What type of theories are implemented at the interpersonal level?
**between people |
-social learning theroy (also called the social cognitive theory)
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What type of theories are implemented at the individual level?
***intrapersonal-within the individual |
-stages of change theory (also called the transtheoretical model)
-health belief model |
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What type of theories are implemented at multiple levels?****community,interpersonal and individual levels
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-ecological model
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What are some characteristics of the ecological approach theory?
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-influence environments and behaviors at multiple levels
-consist of multiple components and targets of changes -achieve synergistic effects on behaviors, practices and outcomes |