Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Self Concept |
The sum of ways in which we describe ourselves In the present, who we used to be, who we might be in the future |
|
|
Identities |
Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong Ex: religious affiliations, sexual orientation, ethnic and national affiliations |
|
|
Ethnic vs. National Affiliations |
Shares a common ancestor, cultural heritage and language Based on political borders |
|
|
Gender Identity |
Appraisal of self on scales of femininity and masculinity Androgyny: high scores both Undifferentiated: low score both |
|
|
Self Esteem |
Our evaluation of ourselves Closer actual self, ideal self and ought self are the higher our self esteem |
|
|
Actual Self |
Who we are as we see ourselves |
|
|
Ideal Self |
Who we want to be |
|
|
Ought Self |
Who society wants us to be |
|
|
Self Efficacy |
Degree to which we see ourselves being capable at a given skill or in a situation |
|
|
Locus of Control |
The way we characterize the influences in our lives Internal: success and failure result of self External: success and failure result of outside factors |
|
|
Freud's Stages of Development |
Based on tensions caused by the libido Failure at any stage leads to fixation that causes personality disorders |
|
|
Freud Stage 1 |
Oral Stage Libidinal energy is centered on the mouth Fixation leads to excessive dependency |
|
|
Freud Stage 2 |
Anal Stage Libidinal energy is centered on the anus Fixation leads to excessive orderliness or sloppiness |
|
|
Freud Stage 3 |
Phallic/Oedipal Stage Resolutionof Oedipal complex, sublimation of libidinal energy |
|
|
Freud Stage 4 |
Latency Stage Libidinalenergy is gone till puberty |
|
|
Freud Stage 5 |
Genital Stage Enterhealthy heterosexual relationships if sexual traumas of childhood have fullybeen resolved |
|
|
Erikson's Stages |
Stem from conflicts that occur throughout life Resolving them give us necessary skills Don't need to pass one to get to the other but will not develop that skill |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Trust vs. Mistrust |
Can I trust the world? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
Is it okay to be me? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Initiative vs. Guilt |
Is it okay for me to do, move and act? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Industry vs. Inferiority |
Can I make it in the world of people and things? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Identity vs. Role Confusion |
Who am I? What can I be? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Intimacy vs. Isolation |
Can I love? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Generativity vs. Stagnation |
Can I make my life count? |
|
|
Erikson's Stages- Integrity vs. Despair |
Is it okay to have been me? |
|
|
Kohlberg's Stages |
Describe the approaches of individuals to resolving moral dilemmas Three stages, must pass one to get to next Most people never achieve last phase Ex: man can't afford dying wife's medication, what should he do? |
|
|
Kohlberg's Stages- Preconventional |
Emphasis on consequences Obedience- avoid punishment Self interest- gaining reward/reciprocity |
|
|
Kohlberg's Stages- Conventional |
Based on social rules Conformity- Seeks approval Law and Order- maintain social order |
|
|
Kohlberg's Stages- Postconventional |
Based on social mores Social Contract- greater good Universal Human Ethics- Abstract principles |
|
|
Vygotsky |
Language, culture and skills require a more knowledgeable other to be fully learned Children enter a zone of proximal development where they are ready to learn just need help |
|
|
Imitation/Role Taking |
Children mimic behaviors of their role models and eventually learn to see perspective of others and take on new roles |
|
|
Reference Group |
The group we are apart of affects our self-concept Like a baseline, can make us feel better or worse about our situation |
|
|
Personality |
Theset of thoughts, feelings, traits and behaviors which are characteristic of anindividual across time and different locations |
|
|
Psychoanalytic Perspective |
Personality is the result of unconscious urges and desires |
|
|
Freud's Theory of Personality |
Structural model Id, ego and superego Have different defense mechanisms to relieve tension between the id and superego |
|
|
Freud's Theory of Personality- Id |
Basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce Functions according to pleasure principle: immediate gratification |
|
|
Freud's Theory of Personality- Ego |
Operates according to the reality principle Takes into account objective reality and inhibits the id |
|
|
Freud's Theory of Personality- Superego |
Personality's perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride or guilt Conscience and ego-ideal |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Repression |
Unconsciously removing a feeling or idea from consciousness |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Suppression |
Consciously removing a feeling or idea from consciousness |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Regression |
Returning to an earlier stage of development |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Reaction Formation |
An unacceptable impulse is transformed into its opposite |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Projection |
Attributions of wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions to someone else |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Rationalization |
Justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Displacement |
Changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same |
|
|
Defense Mechanisms- Sublimation |
Channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable way |
|
|
Carl Jung Theory of Personality |
A person's conduct is governed by inborn archetypes derived from a collective unconsciousness shared among all humans |
|
|
Archetypes- Persona |
Aspects of our personality we present to the world |
|
|
Archetypes- Anima |
A man's inner woman |
|
|
Archetypes- Animus |
A woman's inner man |
|
|
Archetypes- Shadow |
Unpleasantand socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness |
|
|
Adler's Theory of Personality |
Personalityis driven by a desire to strive for superiority Distance self from Freud |
|
|
Humanistic Perspective |
Personality comes from conscious feelings about oneself resulting from healthy striving for self realization Ex: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Roger's unconditional positive regard |
|
|
Type Perspective |
Personalities are sets of distinct qualities and dispositions into which people can be grouped Ex: type A or type B, Greek "humors", somatotypes (body type leads to certain personalities) |
|
|
Trait Perspective |
Personalities are assembled from having different degrees of qualities and dispositions |
|
|
Eysencks Three Major Traits |
Psychoticism: non conformity Extraversion Neuroticism: arousal in stressful situations |
|
|
Big Five (Trait Perspective) |
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism |
|
|
Allport's Three Basic Traits |
Cardinal: most important, organize life around Central: major characteristics of personality Secondary: personal characteristics, limited in occurences |
|
|
Social Cognitive Perspective |
Reciprocal Determinism: personality comes from the interactions between an individual and his or her environment |
|
|
Behaviorist Perspective |
Personality is the result of behavioral responses to stimuli based on prior rewards and punishments (operant conditioning) |
|
|
Biological Perspective |
Personality is based on genetic influences and brain anatomy |
