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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Acquisition
The development of a new behavior through reinforcement
Aversive Stimulus
A stimulus that will decrease the future probability of a behavior when the stimulus is delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior. Also called a punisher
Avoidance Behavior
A behavior that prevents an aversive event. The behavior is negatively reinforced by the avoidance of the aversive event.
Backup Reinforcer
Reinforces used in a token economy. A client receives tokens for desirable behaviors and exchanges a specified number of tokens for any of a variety of backup reinforcers
Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors (which are called concurrent operants). which particular behavior occurs at a particular time depends on the relative schedule of reinforcement, magnitude of reinforcement, delay of reinforcement, and response effort for the available behaviors
Conditioned Reinforcer
A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself
Consequence
The stimulus or event occurring immediately after a behavior
Contingency
A relationship between a response and a consequence in which the consequence is presented if and only if the response occurs. When such a relationship exists, the consequence is said to be contingent on the response
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer
Deprivation
A condition in which the person has gone without a particular reinforcer for a period of time. This is a type of establishing operation; it makes the reinforcer the person has gone without more potent
Escape Behavior
behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus. The termination of the aversive stimulus negatively reinforces the behavior
Establishing Operation
an event that increases the potency of a particular reinforce at a particular time and evokes the behavior that produces that reinforce. Deprivation is a type of establishing operation
Fixed Interval Schedule
a schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed. The interval is the same each time
Fixed Ratio Schedule
a schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered. The number of responses needed for reinforcement does not change
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer
a conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers. Money and praise generalized are conditioned reinforcers for many people
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
a schedule of reinforcement in which not every instance of the behavior is followed by the delivery of the reinforcer. Includes fixed ration, fixed interval, variable ration, and variable interval schedules
Maintenance
continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program. Also, continuation of an operant behavior with intermittent reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
the reinforcement contingency for the behavior of a particular person in the normal course of the person’s life
Operant Behavior
behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by the consequence
Positive Reinforcement
a type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future