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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acquisition
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The development of a new behavior through reinforcement
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Aversive Stimulus
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A stimulus that will decrease the future probability of a behavior when the stimulus is delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior. Also called a punisher
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Avoidance Behavior
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A behavior that prevents an aversive event. The behavior is negatively reinforced by the avoidance of the aversive event.
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Backup Reinforcer
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Reinforces used in a token economy. A client receives tokens for desirable behaviors and exchanges a specified number of tokens for any of a variety of backup reinforcers
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Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
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Schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors (which are called concurrent operants). which particular behavior occurs at a particular time depends on the relative schedule of reinforcement, magnitude of reinforcement, delay of reinforcement, and response effort for the available behaviors
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Conditioned Reinforcer
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A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself
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Consequence
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The stimulus or event occurring immediately after a behavior
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Contingency
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A relationship between a response and a consequence in which the consequence is presented if and only if the response occurs. When such a relationship exists, the consequence is said to be contingent on the response
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Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Schedule
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A schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer
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Deprivation
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A condition in which the person has gone without a particular reinforcer for a period of time. This is a type of establishing operation; it makes the reinforcer the person has gone without more potent
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Escape Behavior
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behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus. The termination of the aversive stimulus negatively reinforces the behavior
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Establishing Operation
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an event that increases the potency of a particular reinforce at a particular time and evokes the behavior that produces that reinforce. Deprivation is a type of establishing operation
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Fixed Interval Schedule
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a schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed. The interval is the same each time
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Fixed Ratio Schedule
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a schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered. The number of responses needed for reinforcement does not change
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Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer
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a conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers. Money and praise generalized are conditioned reinforcers for many people
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Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
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a schedule of reinforcement in which not every instance of the behavior is followed by the delivery of the reinforcer. Includes fixed ration, fixed interval, variable ration, and variable interval schedules
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Maintenance
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continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program. Also, continuation of an operant behavior with intermittent reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement
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the reinforcement contingency for the behavior of a particular person in the normal course of the person’s life
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Operant Behavior
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behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by the consequence
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Positive Reinforcement
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a type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future
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