Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
two types of behavioral problems
|
obedience problems, and true behavior problems
|
|
|
define behavior problem
|
a problem that is not a lack of obedience-- it is not the dogs choice to be "Bad"
|
|
|
two behavioral problems that may hamper preferred standard of care for other medical problems
|
agression, separation anxiety
|
|
|
what percentage of patients are lost each year due to behavioral problems?
|
15%
|
|
|
what is the number one reason for euthanasia at shelters?
|
behavior
|
|
|
what is the vet's role in behavior problems?
|
ID normal vs abnormal, client education
|
|
|
what is the single biggest killer of dogs and cats?
|
behavior problems
|
|
|
what should behavioral wellness include?
|
absence of behavioral problems as a goal; establish normal criteria; promote realistic expectations; promote understanding of behavioral needs; help pet selection; promote socialization; reward appropriately
|
|
|
neurologic origins of behavior problems
|
limbic system
|
|
|
what makes up the limbic system?
|
cyngulate gyri, dentate, gyri, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyri, subcallosal gyri
|
|
|
other structures assocated with neuro origins?
|
amygdaloid complex, epithalamus, hypothalamus, rostral thalamic nuclear areas, septal nuclei
|
|
|
group 1 neurotransmitters
|
synthesized from amino acids; serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, acetylcholin, histamine
|
|
|
group 2 neurotransmitters
|
neuropeptides
|
|
|
group 3 neurotransmitters
|
specific amino acids- glysin, glutatmate, aspartate, GABA
|
|
|
problem solving: 5 steps
|
ID problem, potential causes, evaluate causes, eliminate causes, reevaluate
|
|
|
what is one of the most important tools in behavior problem solving
|
history
|
|
|
who should be present at a behavioral consult?
|
all who routinely interact with the animal
|
|
|
components of the history:
|
what is normal routine, describe the household, describe husbandry/management, activity levels, average day. Then describe the problem, when/where it happens, etc
|
|
|
four classic roles of the dog
|
food, clothing, shelter, transportation
|
|
|
expanded roles of the dog
|
companionship, service, research, extension of our senses
|
|
|
dogs have extensive ____ And _____ communication
|
verbal and nonverbal
|
|
|
dogs are _____ mature before they are ____ mature
|
sexually; socially
|
|
|
neonatal stage
|
0-13d
|
|
|
transitional stage
|
13-19d
|
|
|
socialization
|
19d - 12w
|
|
|
juvenile
|
12w - sexual maturity
|
|
|
adult
|
beyond sexual maturity
|
|
|
when do dogs become socially mature
|
18-24 mo
|
|
|
what do dogs need to learn at 3-8 weeks?
|
interaction with other dogs- dog body language
|
|
|
what do dogs need to learn about 5-7 weeks?
|
how to interact with people
|
|
|
what needs to happen from 10-20 weeks with dogs?
|
exploring novel environments, being exposed to new things, socialization
|
|
|
three methods of communication
|
sight, sound, smell
|
|
|
body language is _________ programmed
|
genetically
|
|
|
three main types of body language
|
distance reducing/submissive, distance increasing/dominant, ambivalent
|
|
|
what to look at when determining body language?
|
position of ears, position of lips, eye contact, tail position, piloerrection
|
|
|
three types of distance reducing?
|
passive submission, active submission, play
|
|
|
three signs of distance increasing?
|
direct eye contact, increasing size, high tail
|
|
|
2 ambivalent signals
|
fear, active defense
|
|
|
signs of ambivalnce/active defense?
|
bared teeth, piloerection, pupillary dilatation, licking/protruding tongue, avoiding eye contact
|
|
|
signs of distance reducing?
|
play bow, avoiding eye contact, exposed abdomen, laying down
|
|
|
signs of distance increasing
|
direct eye contact, elevated head/neck/ears, weigth forward, piloerection, tail vertical or arched
|
|
|
the cat is derived from
|
felis libyca
|
|
|
purpose of the cat was probably _____ rather than _____ as with he o
|
mutualistic; symbiotic
|
|
|
kitten development Is characterized by
|
sensitive periods
|
|
|
sensitive period
|
age range during which a young animal is most responsive to stimuli
|
|
|
when should a kitten be socialized with humans?
|
2-7 weeks old
|
|
|
if a cat has no contact with humans before it is 8 weeks old, what is likely?
|
increased risk of developing fearful behaviors
|
|
|
true or false: offspring of friendly cats are more likley to be friendly and vica versa
|
TRUE
|
|
|
kittens are born with the capacity to learn social skills but are not
|
born with the skills themselves
|
|
|
what is vital for the normal development of intercat social skills
|
mother-kitten relationship
|
|
|
what is vital for developing social and motor skills?
|
play
|
|
|
when does explorative play begin?
|
during the first 7 weeks
|
|
|
what is the age range for social play?
|
3 weeks, peaks around 9-14 weeks
|
|
|
when does object play begin and what does it develop?
|
7 weeks, eye-paw coordination
|
|
|
feline communication uses
|
a variety of olfactory, visual and auditory signals
|
|
|
social grouping is most dependent on the
|
availability of food
|
|
|
social bonding of cats:
|
preferred associates sleep in close proximity by choice, nose touching, allogrooming, allorubbing
|
|
|
define dominance
|
if one individual consistently submits or gives way to another individual as a consequence of prior experience with that individual
|
|
|
define subordinatn
|
dominant status maintained by a set of ritualistic signals instead of overt fighting
|
|
|
signalling dominance:
|
stare, stiff legs, stiff ears rotated laterally, elevated base of tail with remainder drooped
|
|
|
signalling submission
|
looking away, crouching, lowering ears, flattening, curl tail lateral to thigh, roll over, spatial avoidance
|
|
|
what is a bully cat
|
a dominant individual who signls excessively and exerts dominance frequently
|
|
|
what can bully cats lead to
|
intercat aggression, associated anxiety problems
|
|
|
when should behavioral pharmacology be used?
|
as an adjunct to appropriate behavioral modification, after appropriate diagnosis
|
|
|
neurotransmitters are responsible for
|
the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another
|
|
|
neurotransmitters can be _____ or ____
|
excitatory or inhibitory
|
|
|
down regulation
|
receptors become hypo sensitive due to constant stimulation
|
|
|
up regulation
|
receptors become hyper-sensitive due to lack of stimulation or blockage of stimulation
|
|
|
acetylcholine
|
NT of the NMF and preganglionic to postganglionic in the symp and parasymp nervous systems.
|
|
|
acetylcholine is excitory on _____ receptors
|
nicotinic
|
|
|
acetylcholine on muscaric receptors wil
|
decrease HR, increase GI
|
|
|
the side effect of many psychotripc medications occue due to the blockage of ____ Ach Rc
|
muscarinic
|
|
|
four examples of catecholamines
|
dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin
|
|
|
when are catecholamines released and what do they result in
|
during stress, result in CNS stimulation and anxiety
|
|
|
what is the result of chronic stimulation of catecholamine receptors
|
down regulation, depletion --> depression
|
|
|
dopamine neurons in the midbrain extend into the ______ system
|
limbic system
|
|
|
what is dopamine degraded by
|
monoamine oxidase
|
|
|
what is the primary catecholamine CNS neurotransmitter
|
norepinephrine
|
|
|
activation of what nucleus results in fear and defensive aggression?
|
locus ceruleus
|
|
|
epinephrine Is secreted by ____ when ____
|
adrenal gland when stimulated by norepinephrine
|
|
|
together epi and norepi create the sympathetic effect with:
|
pupilary dilation, piloerection, tachycardia
|
|
|
importance of serotonin
|
plays major role in sleep-wake cycle, mood, emotions
|
|
|
GABA is the
|
most widespread NT in the brain, and has mostly inhibitory effects
|
|
|
benzodiazepine examples
|
diazepam/valium, alprazolam/xanax
|
|
|
benzodiazepine mechanism of action / behavioral action
|
potentiate GABA / anxiolytic
|
|
|
benzodiazepine Use and side effects
|
use as short term immediate anxiolytic, side effects include sedation, hyperphagia, paradoxical aggression/excitement. Can be hepatotoxic in cats
|
|
|
tricyclic antidepressent examples
|
clomipramine, amitriptyline
|
|
|
TCA mechanism of action / behavioral action
|
block reuptake of NE and serotonin. Exact action varies with each TCA. Acts as an anxiolytic
|
|
|
TCA use and side effects
|
long term anxiolytic, side effects vary with each drug
|
|
|
specfic serotonin reuptake inhibitors example
|
fluoxetine
|
|
|
SSRIs mechanism of action / behavioral action
|
block reuptake of serotonin; anxiolytic
|
|
|
SSRI use
|
long term anxiolytic
|
|
|
seroton agonist example
|
buspirone
|
|
|
monoamine oxidase B inhibitor example
|
anipryl
|
|
|
MAOI behavioral action
|
improve cognitive function
|
|
|
MAOI side effects
|
serotonin crisis
|
|
|
goal of behavior modification
|
to replace inappropriate behavior with appropriate behavior through a series of training procedues and other ancillary modifiers.
|
|
|
are behavior modification and obedience training the same thing?
|
no
|
|
|
behavior modification takes time because it needs to occur in a:
|
stepwise fashion
|
|
|
deference
|
"nothing in life is free." owner is on control of all interaction with the animal, dog takes all cues from owner
|
|
|
relaxaton purpose
|
to teach the og to sit and stay while relaxing in a variety of circumstances
|
|
|
what is phase 1 for most behavioral modification plans?
|
relazation
|
|
|
desensitization purpose
|
to minimze reaction to a stimulus
|
|
|
how does densensitization work
|
uses short and or subdued stimuli that become progressively longer or more intense.
|
|
|
counterconditiioning purpose
|
to replace a behavior with another, more appropriate behavior
|
|
|
how does counterconditioning best work?
|
when coupled with densitization
|
|
|
reinforcement
|
anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
|
|
|
punishment
|
anything that decreases the likelihood that a behavior withh recur
|
|
|
3 rules for reinforcement and punishment
|
most be appropriate in intensity, most happen immediately, must happen every time
|
|
|
what affect does spay/neuter have on behavior?
|
removes the hormonal influence. Removes genetic transference
|
|
|
what affect can spay have on dominant aggressive females?
|
can make it worse
|
|
|
what can act as a safety device for aggressive dogs?
|
halti head collars
|
