Beg Med Surg Htn And Pvd

Front 1

Arteriosclerosis

Back 1

Thickening/hardening of the arteries

Front 2

Atherosclerosis

Back 2

plaque buildup in arteries

Front 3

What can cause plaque buildup in vessels?

Back 3

smoking (CO2 is the BIGGEST irritant)
drugs
foods/ high fat content
lack of exercise

Front 4

Physical assessment of the Patient with Atherosclerosis

Back 4

HTN?
Other cardiac disease
Do cardiac assessment
Check extremities neurovascular status
Bruit
Lab Values

Front 5

Bruit

Back 5

an abnormal blowing or swishing sound or murmur heard while auscultating a carotid artery, the aorta, an organ, or a gland, such as the liver or thyroid, and resulting from blood flowing through a narrow or partially occluded artery

Front 6

eschemia

Back 6

Lack of O2 --> cell death. Happens with blockage, will cause pain and hypoxia

Front 7

What happens when a blood clot (or plaque) goes to the heart?

Back 7

HI or Heart Attack

Front 8

What happens when a blood clot (or plaque) goes to the brain?

Back 8

Stroke (CVA, Brain attack)

Front 9

Where is cholesterol made?

Back 9

In the liver

Front 10

Interventions for atherosclerosis

Back 10

Low fat (<10%) , Low cholesterol (<300mg/day) diet
smoking cessation
stress reduction techniques
exercise
weight loss

Front 11

What is the normal percentage of fat in a normal person's diet?

Back 11

not to exceed 30%

Front 12

Drug therapy for atherosclerosis

Back 12

statins (end with or)
fibric acids
Niacin
omega 3 fatty acids

Front 13

Examples of statins?

Back 13

mevacor
lipator
zocor

Front 14

What do statins do?

Back 14

reduce serum cholesterol

Front 15

What to monitor when pt on statins?

Back 15

lipid panel and liver function-
Triglycerides
HDL
LDL
AST/ALT

Front 16

When to stop statins?

Back 16

Stop if patient has muscle pains (may cause rhabdomyolysis)

Front 17

rhabdomyolysis

Back 17

the breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is harmful to the kidney and often causes kidney damage.

Front 18

Examples of fibric acids?

Back 18

Zetia, Lopid

Front 19

How do fibric acids work?

Back 19

Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in intestine (and gives lots of flatus)

Front 20

How does Niacin work?

Back 20

lowers cholesterol and LDL levels and raises HDL levels

Front 21

How do omega-s fatty acids work?

Back 21

decreases plaque growth and inflammation so it reduces clot formation.

Front 22

what foods are high in Omega 3s?

Back 22

fish oil, flax seeds, fortified eggs

Front 23

What is HTN?

Back 23

High Blood Pressure >140/90

Front 24

What is preHTN?

Back 24

120-139 over 80-89

Front 25

What is essential HTN?

Back 25

no known cause- only risk factors

Front 26

What is secondary HTN?

Back 26

secondary to a medical condition or medication

Front 27

Normal BP is

Back 27

< 120/80

Front 28

Malignant hypertension

Back 28

elevated blood pressure that progresses rapidly to systolic pressure > 200 mm Hg and diastolic pressure > 130 mm Hg

Front 29

What may happen from Malignant hypertension?

Back 29

May have a stroke

Front 30

How to check for blood clots

Back 30

pulses, equal? peripherally esp. Temp of localized area, tenderness, pain, swelling

Front 31

What does it mean when neck veins are distended or visible?

Back 31

fluid overload

Front 32

What are the 6 ps?

Back 32

pain, pulse, pallor, polar, parasthesia, paralysis

Front 33

hypertriglyceridemia

Back 33

triglycerides in blood >150

Front 34

How does our body regulate BP?

Back 34

*ANS- baroreceptors, chemoreceptors
*Renal system- renin, angiotensin, aldosterone
*Endocrine system- excrete vasopressin (ADH) from anterior pituitary

Front 35

What foods are high in K?

Back 35

bananas, cantaloupe, tomatos, orange juice

Front 36

___ HTN comprises 85% of HTN

Back 36

essential

Front 37

What are some risk factors for essential HTN?

Back 37

Family hx.
High Na intake
Obesity
Inactivity
High Alcohol intake
Low K intake
age

Front 38

What are some causes of secondary HTN?

Back 38

Renal Disease
Pheochromocytoma (benign adrenal gland tumor)
Cushings’d Disease
Coarctation of aorta
Brain Tumors
Pregnancy
Medication

Front 39

What is a proper diet for someone with HTN?

Back 39

High fiber
low sodium
low fat

Front 40

What are some meds that can cause HTN

Back 40

birth control pills (estrogen)
any of the steroid groups
psychosporings (meds to prevent organ rejection)

Front 41

Diagnostic tests for HTN

Back 41

All are secondary tests to rule out other med conditions


No lab test for Essential HTN
Chest X-Ray
EKG

Front 42

NSG diagnoses for HTN

Back 42

Decreased CO
knowledge defecit
noncompliance
sexual dysfunction
ineffective tissue perfusion

Front 43

What should BMI be for person with HTN?

Back 43

25 or less

Front 44

What DMI is considered obese?

Back 44

30 or more

Front 45

Total fat in diet should be?

Back 45

<30%

Front 46

How mch exercise should HTN pts do?

Back 46

30 min @ least 3 x week

Front 47

Meds used to treat HTN

Back 47

Diuretics
Calcium Channel blocking agents
ACE inhibitors
ARBs (angiotensen II reception antagonists)
Aldosterone receptor antagonists

Front 48

example of ACE inhibitor ?

Back 48

Vasotec, Altace

Front 49

S/E of Vasotec?

Back 49

may produce dry cough
will lose NA and H2O- monitor for hyponatremia
monitor for hyperkalemia
May get orthostatic hypotension

Front 50

What is the first drug choice for HTN?

Back 50

Diuretics

Front 51

Examples of Loop diuretics

Back 51

Lasix, Bumex

Front 52

What to monitor for with loop diuretics- Lasix, Bumex?

Back 52

BP and K loss, I & O, F & E

Front 53

How do loop diuretics- Lasix, Bumex- work?

Back 53

promotes Na & K excretion (along with water)

Front 54

Example of Diuretic thiazide

Back 54

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (diuril)

Front 55

How do Potassium sparing
meds work?

Back 55

Not going to urinate K out

Front 56

What is drug is Propanolol?

Back 56

Inderal