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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main organs of the reproductive system called? |
Gonads (testes and ovaries) |
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What do gonads produce? |
Gametes (sex cells); for the use of reproduction
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What does gametogenesis mean? |
The formation of new gametes |
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What are testis? |
The gamete-producing organs of the male; they are situated outside a body in a sac of skin. |
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What is the sac of skin called around the testis? Why are the located externally? |
Scrotum; Because sperm production requires a temp. lower than body temp. so about 94 degrees |
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What is the smooth tissue called in the male reproductive system? |
Cremaster muscle; It surrounds each testis in the scrotum, which helps control its height and therefore its' temperature |
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What is the tunica vaginalis? |
The outer CT sheath |
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What is the inner sheath called? |
Tunica Albuginea; Which divides the interior of the testes into LOBULES |
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What does each lobule contain? |
It contains a tightly coiled (seminiferous tubule) where the process of spermatogenesis takes place |
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When the seminiferous tubules converge near the superior part of the testis, what do they form? |
Rete Testis |
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After the tete testis exits the testis is joins the 1st segment of the duct system called what? |
Epididymis |
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Where does the "immature" sperm produced go? |
Migrates to the epididymis to finish maturation, then it exits something called the VAS DEFERENS |
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Where does the vas deferens travel through? |
Spermatic cord; a cord that carries the testicular artery, veins, and nerves. |
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Once vas derferens enters the pelvis cavity, it crosses superiorly and posteriorly over the urinary bladder to join what gland? |
Seminal Vesicle |
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From the seminal vesicle where does it move next? |
Ejaculatory Duct |
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After the ejaculatory duct where does it go? |
Prostate Gland |
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From the prostate gland where next? |
Prostate Urethra |
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What does the prostate urethra become? |
Membranous Urethra |
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After the membranous urethra what next? |
Spongy Urethra, where it then enters the "corpus spongiosum" |
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What 3 exocrine glands does the male reproductive system contain? |
Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands |
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What makes up of 90% of the semen? |
Prostate gland and seminal vesicles |
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What is the fluid that contains chemicals to nourish and activate sperm? |
Semen |
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The penis is composed of what 3 erectile bodies? |
single corpus spongiosum, paired, and corpora cavernosa |
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What does the corpus spongiosum form? |
Glans Penis |
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END |
End |
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What are the almond shaped structures in the female reproductive system and where are they located? |
Ovaries; Peritoneal cavity |
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What do the ovaries produce? |
Oocytes or eggs that travel in order to be fertilized |
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The ovaries are held together by what? |
Ovarian ligament, broad ligament, mesovarium, and the suspensory ligament |
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What extends from the lateral body wall and carries with it the ovary's blood supply? |
Suspensory Ligament |
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When are follicles present? |
When oocytes are developing within the ovaries and then are encased in the structures |
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Oocytes are present in what 2 follicles? |
Primordial follicles and vesicular follicles (Immature) (Mature); Where the oocyte is released during ovulation |
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True or false, the tubule system of the female reproductive system is continuous? |
False |
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What does the uterine tube do? |
This is where it is released in the pelvic cavity and these fingerlike projections called the fimbriae mist catch the oocyte and bring it into the uterine tube |
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After this, where do the uterine tubes join? |
Uterus |
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Where is the uterus situated? |
Between the urinary bladder and the rectum |
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How is the uterus held in place? |
By the round ligament (broad ligament and anterior ligament) |
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What 3 portions does the uterus consist of? |
Fundus (dome-shaped), Body (central), and Cervix (narrow) |
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What are the 3 layers of the wall of the uterus? |
1. Endometrium: inner epithelial and CT lining; which is fertilized w/ ovum implants 2. Myometrium: middle; muscular 3. Perimetrium: outermost CT lining |
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What is the cervical os? |
The inferior most portions of the cervix |
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Vagina |
It extends interiorly from the cervical os ad terminates at the vaginal orifice |
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What is flanking the vaginal orifice?; what do they secrete? |
Greater Vestibular Glands; secrete mucous to lubricate the vaginal vandal during "coitus" |
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What is the external anatomy of the female called? |
Vulva |
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What does the vulva consist of? |
Labia Majora, Labia Minora, Clitoris, and the Urethral and Vaginal Orifices |
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What are not true reproductive organs, but have associated with milk producing? |
Mammary Glands (present in both male and females) |
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How many lobes are present? |
15-25 |
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What do the smaller lobes produce? |
Alveoli; produce milk |
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Where does milk leave after the alveoli? |
Alveolar Ducts, which is then stored in the lactiferous sinuses, then leaves through the nipple, which is surround by a dark purple color called the areola |
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END |
END |
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Diploid? |
Each diploid is identical to its original cell |
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Meiosis |
Where gametes proceed through 2 rounds of cell division, and each gamete ends up with only 1 set of chromosomes (haploid cell) |
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What happens during the S Phase? |
The homologous chromosomes replicate during this phase in order to yield 2 pairs of sister chromatids |
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What happens during meiosis I? |
During which replicated chromosomes line up next to one another so they overlap, called synapsis |
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What does it mean when the synapse is a tetrad? |
It means each synapses has 2 sets of sister chromatids |
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As the tetrads align themselves on the equator of the cell and prepare to attach to spindle fibers... this is done during which phase? |
Metaphase I; where the chromosomes overlap form points called "chiasmata or crossover" |
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What happens in anaphase I? |
The chromosomes exchange pieces of genetic material at the points of the equator |
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Once telophase and cytokinesis is complete what happens? |
the gametes have 23 sets of sister chromatids, and the amount of genetic material is halved bc of the separation of the homologous chromosomes |
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What happens next? |
The chromosomes go through another division called meiosis II, during which sister chromatids separate; DNA doesn't replicate prior to prophase II |
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What is the conclusion at the end of telophase II? |
Each gamete has only 23 chromosomes and is a haploid cell |
