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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most of the chemicals that make u living organisms are based on ___
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carbon
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___ chemistry is the study of carbon.
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organic
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cells are composed of 70-90% of
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water
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The rest of the cell consist of __-__ __
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carbon-based compounds
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Proteins, DNA, carbs, and lipids are all composed of carbon skeletons bonded to atoms of other elements: promairily _,_,_,_, and _
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H, O, N, S, and P
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What makes carbon so functions?
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4 valence electrons
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Because carbon needs to gain or loose 4 electrons, carbon does not form __ __ very often.
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ionic bonds
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Carbon tends to share electrons with other atoms in 4 ___ bonds.
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covalent
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When carbon forms 4 bonds in a molecule, they are arranged in a ___.
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tetrahedron
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a double bond between the 2 carbons forces the molecule flat
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ethene
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The first chemically synthesized organic compound.
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urea
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In carbon structures, the skeletons can vary in length, and may be __,__, or arranged in close __
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straight, branched, rings
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Molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon are called
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hydrocarbons
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organic molegules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen.
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butane
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Not abundant in living organisms, but are found as byproducts of the breakdown of organic compounds, __
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petroleum
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Many organic molecules contain regions that are predominately hydrocarbons, Ex>
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fats
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Fats are __ compounds because of their many carbon-to-hydrogen bonds, they are insoluble.
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hydrophobic
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compounds that have the same molecular formula but diferent structures and different properties are __
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isomers
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__ __ differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms.
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Structural isomers
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__ isomers have the same covalent partnerships but they differ in their spatial arrangements.
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Geometric
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Molecules that are mirror mages of each other are called __
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enantiomers
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The __ tragedy is when thousands of kids were born with developmental defects.
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thalidomide
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__ __ can replace one or more hydrogens bonded to the carbon skeleton of the hydrogen.
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Functional groups
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Name the 6 important functional groups.
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1. Hydroxyl
2. Carbonyl 3. Carboxyl 4. Amino 5. Sulfhydryl 6. Phosphate groups |
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All 6 of the functional groups are __ and thus increase the solubility of organic compounds in water.
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hydrophilic
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(-OH) has a polar covalent bond: increasing the solubility of organic molecules.
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Hydroxyl
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Oranic compounds with hydroxyl groups are ___
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alcohols
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(>CO) at the end of a carbon skeleton ( aldehyde) or within a skeleton ( ketone)
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Carbonyl
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(-COOH) found in carboxylic acids.
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Carboxyl
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(-NH2) has a lone valence electron: So, it can accept H+, compounds with this group are animes like glycine.
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Amino
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(-SH) compounds with this group are ___
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thiols
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(-0PO32-) can bond to a carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms
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phosphate
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