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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TRUE or FALSE
Cockroft and Gault is the most accurate equation when estimating kidney function in AKI |
FALSE
(Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD) are not appropriate (need stable SCr) Equations by Brater and Jeliffe are probably more accurate than the Cockcroft-Gault equation, but they have not been rigorously tested. Can do a urine collection in non-oliguria. Obtain an SCr before and after the collection, and average them for the calculation. |
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This Classification of AKI is Characterized by hypoperfusion to the kidney
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Prerenal AKI
Hypoperfusion may be caused by Hemorrhage, volume depletion, drugs, CHF, Renal artery stenosis, emboli |
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This classification of AKI is usually medication related
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Functional AKI
(cyclosporine, ACEIs and ARBs, and NSAIDs) |
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This Classification of AKI id due to kidney damage
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Intrinsic AKI
Urinalysis will reflect damage. Urine generally not concentrated |
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Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause of this classification of AKI
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Postrenal AKI
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Which Classification of AKI presents with a BUN/SCr ration >20:1?
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Pre-renal/Functional
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Which AKI classifications present with BUN/SCr ratio 15:1
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Postrenal/intrinsic
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Which classification of AKI presents with Muddy-brown granular cast urinary sediments
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Intrinstic
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Which classifications of AKI presents with concentrated urine?
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Prerenal/ Functional
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Which fluid is used for hydration in pts to prevent Acute Tubular Necroses
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Intravenous isotonic saline considered more effective than half-isotonic
saline in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Begin 6–12 hours before procedure. Maintain urine output greater than 150 mL/hour. |
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TRUE or FALSE
Acetylcysteine may be effective in emergency cases to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy |
FALSE
Accumulation of glutathione takes time, so it may not be as effective in emergency cases. |
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________ is a potent NSAID that may affect prostaglandin synthesis in the kidney to a lesser extent than other NSAIDs.
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Suldinac
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TRUE or FALSE
Serum creatinine may be used as the sole assessment of kidney function. |
FALSE
Avoid use as the sole assessment of kidney function. Depends on age, sex, weight, and muscle mass |
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What is the best way to estimate GFR in pts with low muscle mass?
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Urine Collection
In most cases, equations will overestimate kidney function because Cr concentrations will be low in patients with very low muscle mass. |
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Which equations are used to calculate GFR in pediatrics?
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Schwartz and Counahan-Barratt formulas
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Tor F
After initiating ACE-I or ARB in a CKD pt, it is expected to see a rise in SCr >30% |
F
Hold ACE/ARB if there is a rise in SCr greater than 30% after initiation. |
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Which diuretic should be used to slow progression of diabetic nephropathy?
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Thiazide with stages 1–3 and loop in stages 4–5.) If BP greater than 160/100 mm Hg, start with two-drug regimen.
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___________are second line to ACE/ARBs in Diabetic nephropathy. Data are emerging for combined therapy.
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Calcium channel blockers (nondihydropyridine)
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What are the indications for RRT?
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A – acidosis (not responsive to bicarbonate)
E – electrolyte abnormality (hyperkalemia; hyperphosphatemia) I – intoxication (boric acid; ethylene glycol; lithium; methanol; phenobarbital; salicylate; theophylline) O – fluid overload (symptomatic [pulmonary edema]) U – uremia (pericarditis and weight loss) |
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Name the most common pathogens seen in peritonitis
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Most common gram-positive organisms include Staphylococcus epidermis, S. aureus,
and streptococci. Most common gram-negative organisms include Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
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What is the Goal hemoglobin in anemic pts with CKD?
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11-12
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T or F
Oral iron not recommended in patients with CKD on HD |
true
equire parenteral iron therapy to meet needs (increased requirements, decreased oral absorption). |
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This Iron therapy is rarely used due to increased anaphylactic reactions
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Iron Dextran
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This phosphate binder decreases LDL.
Hypocalcemia may also result if it is the sole phosphate binder |
Sevelamer
|
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This phosphate binder is available as a chewable wafer
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Lanthanum carbonate
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This drug is Especially useful in patients with high calcium/ phosphate concentrations and high PTH concentrations when vitamin D analogs cannot be used
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Cinacalcet
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T or F
either eGFR or eCrCl be used for drug dosing. |
T
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Which antibiotics do not require renal dosage adjustments?
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clindamycin, linezolid, metronidazole, and macrolides
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