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28 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
TRUE or FALSE

Cockroft and Gault is the most accurate equation when estimating kidney function in AKI
FALSE

(Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD) are not appropriate (need stable SCr)

Equations by Brater and Jeliffe are probably more accurate than the Cockcroft-Gault
equation, but they have not been rigorously tested.

Can do a urine collection in non-oliguria. Obtain an SCr before and after the collection,
and average them for the calculation.
This Classification of AKI is Characterized by hypoperfusion to the kidney
Prerenal AKI

Hypoperfusion may be caused by Hemorrhage, volume depletion, drugs, CHF, Renal artery stenosis, emboli
This classification of AKI is usually medication related
Functional AKI

(cyclosporine, ACEIs and ARBs, and NSAIDs)
This Classification of AKI id due to kidney damage
Intrinsic AKI

Urinalysis will reflect damage. Urine generally not concentrated
Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause of this classification of AKI
Postrenal AKI
Which Classification of AKI presents with a BUN/SCr ration >20:1?
Pre-renal/Functional
Which AKI classifications present with BUN/SCr ratio 15:1
Postrenal/intrinsic
Which classification of AKI presents with Muddy-brown granular cast urinary sediments
Intrinstic
Which classifications of AKI presents with concentrated urine?
Prerenal/ Functional
Which fluid is used for hydration in pts to prevent Acute Tubular Necroses
Intravenous isotonic saline considered more effective than half-isotonic
saline in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Begin 6–12 hours before procedure. Maintain urine output greater than 150 mL/hour.
TRUE or FALSE

Acetylcysteine may be effective in emergency cases to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy
FALSE

Accumulation of glutathione takes time, so it may not be as effective in emergency cases.
________ is a potent NSAID that may affect prostaglandin synthesis in the kidney to a lesser extent than other NSAIDs.
Suldinac
TRUE or FALSE

Serum creatinine may be used as the sole assessment of kidney function.
FALSE

Avoid use as the sole assessment of kidney function.

Depends on age, sex, weight, and muscle mass
What is the best way to estimate GFR in pts with low muscle mass?
Urine Collection

In most cases, equations will overestimate kidney function because Cr concentrations will be low in patients with very low muscle mass.
Which equations are used to calculate GFR in pediatrics?
Schwartz and Counahan-Barratt formulas
Tor F

After initiating ACE-I or ARB in a CKD pt, it is expected to see a rise in SCr >30%
F

Hold ACE/ARB if there is a rise in SCr greater than 30% after initiation.
Which diuretic should be used to slow progression of diabetic nephropathy?
Thiazide with stages 1–3 and loop in stages 4–5.) If BP greater than 160/100 mm Hg, start with two-drug regimen.
___________are second line to ACE/ARBs in Diabetic nephropathy. Data are emerging for combined therapy.
Calcium channel blockers (nondihydropyridine)
What are the indications for RRT?
A – acidosis (not responsive to bicarbonate)
E – electrolyte abnormality (hyperkalemia; hyperphosphatemia)
I – intoxication (boric acid; ethylene glycol; lithium; methanol; phenobarbital; salicylate; theophylline)
O – fluid overload (symptomatic [pulmonary edema])
U – uremia (pericarditis and weight loss)
Name the most common pathogens seen in peritonitis
Most common gram-positive organisms include Staphylococcus epidermis, S. aureus,
and streptococci. Most common gram-negative organisms include Escherichia coli
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What is the Goal hemoglobin in anemic pts with CKD?
11-12
T or F

Oral iron not recommended in patients with CKD on HD
true

equire parenteral iron therapy to meet needs (increased requirements, decreased oral absorption).
This Iron therapy is rarely used due to increased anaphylactic reactions
Iron Dextran
This phosphate binder decreases LDL.
Hypocalcemia may also result if it is the sole phosphate binder
Sevelamer
This phosphate binder is available as a chewable wafer
Lanthanum carbonate
This drug is Especially useful in patients with high calcium/ phosphate concentrations and high PTH concentrations when vitamin D analogs cannot be used
Cinacalcet
T or F

either eGFR or eCrCl be used for drug dosing.
T
Which antibiotics do not require renal dosage adjustments?
clindamycin, linezolid, metronidazole, and macrolides