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196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Management information system (MIS)
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deals with the planning for, development, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management.
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Information technology (IT)
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is any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization. Some examples are:Traditional computer(notebook, PC, etc)
Bar code scanner Biometric fingerprint reader |
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Disruptive technologies
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is any technology that causes a business (or person) to dramatically change the way that it (or he or she) works.
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Information age
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a time when knowledge is power
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Knowledge worker
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works with and produces information as a product
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what are the three key resources in MIS?
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Information
People Technology |
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Data
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are raw facts that describe a particular phenomenon. like current temperatures, your age, and the price of a movie rental.
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Information
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data that has meaning
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Business intelligence
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this is knowledge. knowledge about your customers, your competitors, your business partners, your competitve environment, and your own internal operations that gives you the ability to make effective, important, and often strategic business decisions.
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Personal Dimensions of information. Time
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When you need information.
Describing the right time period |
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Personal Dimensions of inforamtion. Location
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no matter where you are
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Personal Dimensions of information. Form
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Usable, understandable, accurate. For example, audio, text, video...
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Intranet
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is an internal organizational intranet that is guarded against outside access by a special security feature called a firewall.
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What are the Organizational Dimensions of Information?
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Information flows
Information granularity What information describes |
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Information Flows within an Organization
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upward, downward, horizontal, outward and inward.
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Information Flows within an Organization
Upward |
current state of organization based on transactions
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Information Flows within an Organization downward
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Strategies, goals, directives
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Information Flows within an Organization horizontally
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between functional units, work teams
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Information Flows within an Organization outward and inward
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to/from suppliers, customers, distributors, etc
Information Granularity |
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Information granularity
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extent of detail within information.
Lower org levels – tremendous detail (fine) Upper org levels – summarized information (coarse) |
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information describes and can be
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internal, external, objective, and subjective
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internal information
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operational aspects of organization
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external information
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environment surrounding organization
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objective information
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something that is known
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subjective information
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something that is unknown
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Technology-literate knowledge worker
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knows how and when to apply technology
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Information-literate knowledge worker
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Defines what information is needed
Knows how and where to obtain information Understands information Acts appropriately based on information |
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Ethics
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principles and standards that guide behavior toward other people
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How are ethics and laws different?
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Laws – require/prohibit action
Ethics – matter of personal interpretation |
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what are the two categories of technology?
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Hardware
Software |
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Ubiquitous computing
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computing and technology support anytime, anywhere, with access to all needed information and all business partners always, both internal and external to the organizations.
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What is Hardware?
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physical devices of a computer. Like:
Input devices Output devices Storage devices CPU & RAM Telecommunications devices Connecting devices |
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input devices
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tool you use to enter information and commands. Like: keyboard, mouse, touch screen, game controller.
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output devices
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tool you use to hear, see, or otherwise recognise the results of your information-processing request. Like: speakers, printers, monitor.
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storage devices
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tool you use to store information for use at a later time. Like a hard disk, flash memory card...
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CPU-central processing unit
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the hardware that interprets and exeutes the system and application software instructions and coordinates the operation of all the hardware.
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RAM-random access memory
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is a temporary holding area for the information you are working with as well as the system and application software instructions that the CPU currently needs
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Telecommunications device
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tool you use to send information to and receive it from another person or computer in a network.
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Connecting device
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connects pieces of hardware (e.g., cable, port)
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What is software?
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this is the set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you.
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Application software
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solves specific problems, performs specific tasks
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System software
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handles technology management tasks and coordinates all hardware
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What are the two types of system software?
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operating system software and utility software
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operating system software
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controls application software, manages hardware devices
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Utility software
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additional functionality to your operating system (e.g., anti-virus software)
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Decentralized computing
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Distributes computing power within the organization to knowledge workers
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Shared information
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allows anyone access to needed information
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Mobile computing
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wireless technology to connect to needed resources and information
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M-commerce
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electronic commerce conducted wirelessly
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What is the information technology business vision?
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IT use must support business vision
IT strategy must be integrated with business vision |
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Competitive advantage
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providing product/service that customers value more than the competition
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Top line
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competitive advantage focus to increase revenue
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Bottom line
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competitive advantage focus to decrease costs
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IT can support both top-line and bottom-line initiatives. Tue or False?
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True
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Customer self-service system
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technology in hands of customers to enable them to process their own transactions.
ATMs attract new customers with free use (top line) ATMs – reduce costs of tellers (bottom line) |
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Transaction processing system (TPS)
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system that processes transactions
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Database
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stores tremendous detail on every transaction/event
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DBMS-data base management system software
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software bridge between information/software system and information/you
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Online transaction processing (OLTP)
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gathering, processing, and updating information for a transaction
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Online analytical processing (OLAP)
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manipulating information to support decision making
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Executive information system (EIS)
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supports “drilling down” in information to find problems/opportunities
Decision-Making Support |
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Collaboration system
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improves team performance by supporting sharing and flow of information
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Artificial intelligence (AI)
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science of imitating human thinking and behavior
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Supply chain management (SCM)
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tracks inventory and information
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SCM system
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IT that supports Supply Chain Management business initiative
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Electronic data interchange (EDI)
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computer-to-computer transfer of information without human intervention. Like:
Standard documents such as purchase orders Bottom-line initiative to reduce costs of ordering, shipping, paying, etc |
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Run
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optimizing activity execution (bottom line)
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Grow
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increasing market reach, product offerings, etc (top line)
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Transform
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innovating business processes
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You need to learn how to use IT to ...
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Share information
Work wirelessly Support your decision-making efforts Increase personal productivity |
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Spyware
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bad software that collects information about you and your computer and sends it to someone else
11.5 million incidents in 2004 |
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Identity theft
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forging someone’s identity for purpose of fraud
$100 billion lost in U.S in 2003 |
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Application software
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enables you to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks
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System software
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handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devices
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What are the two main types of system software
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Operating system software
Utility software |
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Operating system software –
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controls application software and manages hardware devices
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Utility software
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provides additional functionality to your operating system. For Example, Anti-virus
Screen saver Etc. |
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Personal digital assistant (PDA)
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small handheld computer for personal tasks like appointment scheduling and address book maintenance
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Tablet PC
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pen-based computer with the functionality of a notebook or desktop
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Notebook computer
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small, portable, fully functional, battery-powered computer
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Desktop computer
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most popular type of personal computer
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Minicomputer (mid-range computer)
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meets needs of several people simultaneously in a small or medium-sized business
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Mainframe computer
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meets needs of hundreds of people in a large business
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Supercomputer
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fastest, most powerful, and most expensive type of computer
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Personal productivity software
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helps you perform personal tasks. For example,Writing memos (word processing)
Creating graphs (spreadsheet) Creating slide presentations (presentation) |
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Software suite
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several applications bundled together (usually productivity software)
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Personal Productivity Software
Word processing |
helps you create letters, memos, and other basic documents
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Personal Productivity Software
Spreadsheet |
helps you work with numbers, perform calculations and create graphs
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Personal Productivity Software
Presentation |
helps you create and edit information that will appear in slides
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Personal Productivity Software
Desktop publishing |
extends word processing by including design and formatting techniques to enhance the appearance of the document
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Personal Productivity Software
Personal information management (PIM) |
helps you create and maintain to-do lists, appointments, calendars, etc.
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Personal Productivity Software
Personal finance |
helps you maintain your checkbook and handle other personal finance tasks
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Personal Productivity Software
Web authoring |
helps you design and develop Web sites
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Personal Productivity Software
Graphics |
helps you create and edit photos and art
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Personal Productivity Software
Communications |
helps you communicate with others
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Personal Productivity Software
Database management system (DBMS) – |
helps you specify the logical organization for a database; access and use the information within a database
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Vertical market software
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application software for a specific industry. For example,Patient
scheduling software Restaurant management software |
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Horizontal market software
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application software suitable for use in many industries. For example, Payroll, inventory, and billing
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What are some examples of Operating system software
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Microsoft Windows XP Home
Microsoft Windows XP Pro Microsoft Windows Vista Mac OS Linux |
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Operating system software
Microsoft Windows XP Home |
update of Office
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Operating system software
Microsoft Windows XP Pro |
update of Office Pro
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Operating system software
Microsoft Windows Vista |
Microsoft’s newest personal operating system
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Operating system software
Mac OS |
Operating system for Macs
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Operating system software
Linux |
powerful open-source operating system
Multitasking |
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Multitasking
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working with more than one application at a time
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Utility Software
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adds functionality to operating system software
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Utility Software
Anti-virus software |
detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses
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Utility Software
Crash-proof software |
helps save information if your system crashes
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Utility Software
Uninstaller software |
removes software from your hard disk
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Utility Software
Disk optimization software |
organizes information on your hard disk
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Utility Software
Spam blocker |
filters unwanted e-mail
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Binary digit (bit)
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smallest unit of information your computer can process
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Byte
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eight bits or the number of bits it takes to represent one natural character
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ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
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coding system that personal computers use
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Common Input Devices
Keyboards |
most frequently input devices for notebooks and desktops to enter information and commands
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Common Input Devices
Stylus |
most frequently used input devices for PDAs and tablet PCs to enter information and commands
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Common Input Devices
Pointing Device |
used to input commands
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Input Devices – Commands
Mouse |
device you use to click on icons and buttons
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Input Devices – Commands
Trackball |
similar to a mechanical mouse, but with the ball on top
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Input Devices – Commands
Touchpad |
dark rectangle you use to move the cursor with your finger
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Input Devices – Commands
Pointing stick |
a little rod, used mostly on notebooks
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Input Devices – Game Controllers
Game controller |
used for gaming to control screen action
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Input Devices – Game Controllers
Gaming wheel |
steering wheel and foot pedals for virtual driving
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Input Devices – Game Controllers
Joystick |
controls action with a vertical handle and programmable buttons
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Input Devices – Game Controllers
Gamepad |
device with programmable buttons, thumb sticks, and a directional pad
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Scanners
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used to convert information that exists in visible form into electronic form
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Scanners
Image scanner |
captures images, photos, text, and artwork
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Scanners
Bar code scanner |
reads information in the form of vertical bars
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Scanners
Optical mark reader |
detects the presence or absence of a mark
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Scanners
Optical character reader |
reads characters that appear on paper or sales tag (used in POS systems)
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Scanners
Biometric scanner |
scans a human physical attribute, like a fingerprint or iris, for security purposes
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Digital camera
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captures still image or video as a series of 1s and 0s
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Digital still camera
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digitally captures still images in varying resolutions
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Digital video camera
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captures video digitally
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Webcam
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captures digital video for the Web
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CRT
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monitors that look like traditional TV sets
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Flat-panel display
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thin, lightweight monitors that take up much less space than CRTs
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what are the two types of flat-panel display
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Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor
Gas plasma display |
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Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor
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sends electricity through crystallized liquid between layers of glass or plastic
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Gas plasma display
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sends electricity through gas trapped between layers of glass or plastic
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Viewable image size (VIS)
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the size of the image on a monitor
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Resolution of a screen
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the number of pixels it has
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Pixels (picture elements)
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the dots that make up the image
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Dot pitch
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the distance between the centers of two like-colored pixels
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Resolution of a printer
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the number of dots per square inch (dpi) it produces
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Inkjet printer
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makes images by forcing ink through nozzles
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Laser printer
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forms images using the same electrostatic process that photocopiers use
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Multifunction printer
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scan, copy, and fax, as well as print
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Plotter
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forms output by moving pen across paper
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Capacity of Storage Devices
Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) |
about 1 million bytes
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Capacity of Storage Devices
Gigabyte (GB or Gig) |
about 1 billion bytes
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Capacity of Storage Devices
Terabyte (TB) |
about 1 trillion bytes
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Magnetic Storage Media
Hard disk |
magnetic storage with one or more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive
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Optical storage media
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plastic discs on which information is stored, deleted, and changed using laser technology
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What are the two types of optical storage media?
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CDs
DVDs |
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CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory)
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information cannot be changed
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CD-R (compact disc – recordable)
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write one time only
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CD-RW (compact disc – rewritable) –
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save, change, and delete files repeatedly
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DVD-ROM
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high capacity; information cannot be changed
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DVD-R or DVD+R (DVD – recordable)
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high capacity; write one time only
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DVD-RW or DVD+R (depending on manufacturer)
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save, change, delete repeatedly
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Flash memory device
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very small storage device that plugs into USB port
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Flash memory card
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high capacity storage laminated inside a small piece of plastic
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xD-Picture (xD) card
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rectangular; smaller than a penny and about as thick with one curved side
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Secure Digital (SD) card and MultiMediaCard (MMC)
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look the same but SD has copy protection; are both larger and thicker than a quarter (but rectangular)
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CompactFlash (CF) card
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almost square; larger than a half-dollar
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SmartMedia (SM) card
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rectangular; longer than CF
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Memory Stick Media card
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elongated card as wide as a penny developed by Sony
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CPU and RAM work together to form the...
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brain of your computer
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The CPU speed measured in...
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gigahertz (GHz)
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GHz
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number of billions of CPU cycles per second
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CPU (machine) cycle
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retrieve, decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary
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CPU Components
Control unit |
directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computer
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CPU Components
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) |
performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations
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CPU Components
CPU cache |
CPU memory where instructions wait until they’re needed
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CPU Components
CPU clock |
beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashion
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System bus
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electrical pathways that move information between motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM
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Describe the CPU (Machine Cycle)
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Retrieve: The control unit sends to RAM for the instructions and information it needs
Decode: CPU gets the instruction out of cache and examines it to see what to do Execute: Does what the instruction says to do Store: Sends the result of processing to be stored in RAM if necessary |
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Mobile CPU
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type of CPU that changes speed, and therefore power consumption, in response to fluctuation in use
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RAM for notebooks...
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comes in smaller modules than RAM for desktops
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Port
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place on your system unit, monitor, or keyboard through which information and instructions flow to and from computer
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Connector
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something like a cable; can also be wireless
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Plug and play
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operating system feature that finds and installs the driver for the device
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Hot swap
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operating system feature that allows you to plug or unplug a device while the computer is running
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USB (universal serial bus) port
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fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-swap USB connectors
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Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link)
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fits hot-swap, plug-and-play Firewire connectors
Ports |
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PS/2 port
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fits PS/2 connectors (used for keyboards and mice)
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Parallel port
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fits parallel large flat parallel connectors found on printers
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Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association)
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uses red light to send and receive information
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Bluetooth
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transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feet
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WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE 802.11a, b, or g
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transmits information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles
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Expansion card (board)
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circuit board that you insert into the expansion slot and connect to a peripheral device
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Expansion slot
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long skinny socket on the motherboard for expansion card
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Expansion bus
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pathways along which information moves between devices (outside the motherboard) and the CPU
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PC Card
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expansion card for a notebook
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PC Card slot
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opening on side or front of a notebook, into which you plug a PC Card
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