Bc 3 Protein Targeting - Gene Regulation 6 -7

Front 1

SRP is targeted for protein _____________

Back 1

endoplasmic recitculum - N -terminal sequence -- cleaved off

Front 2

TOM is targeted for protein _____________ then later on is ___________inside the ____________

Back 2

mitochrondria - N terminal sequence ------ cleave off -----mitochrondria

Front 3

NLS istargeted for protein _____________ and is used as ____________ so it can be target again

Back 3

nucleus ---------permenant tag (NOT cleaved off) ---------------nucleus

Front 4

Leader sequences is __________ and later on is ____________ off. It also tend to be ______________

Back 4

Met ------- cleaved ------- hydrophobic

Front 5

Tunicamycin block ________________________ Glc that protein can't be moved inside the ________

Back 5

adding Glc ---------- ER -- block the first step of adding sugar

Front 6

KDEL sequence is found on __________ protein that help being sent back to ____________

Back 6

ER

Front 7

Protein modified is in _____ Example _______

Back 7

ribosome ------------ pre insulin

Front 8

Mannose is _______ and target for ________ defect ____________ cause ______

Back 8

phosphorylate ------------ lysosome --------- N-acetyl-glucosamine-P transfer---------------Icell disesae -- Muco-lipid-osis 2

Front 9

Clathrin

Back 9

facilitae exo-endo cytosis

Front 10

Ubiquitin is use as __________ for ____________

Back 10

marker ----- to be removed

Front 11

Rate controlling step ______ using ___

Back 11

initiation ------------ small amt of regulated genes

Front 12

House keeping vs Regulated gene

Back 12

always on (a lot) ---------- small amt but can be induced ----- repressed

Front 13

3 ways to regulate gene expressions

Back 13

the right sigma unit -------------- no Repressor at operator site ----------- having Activator help Polymerase at promoter

Front 14

2 Activators

Back 14

Activate the Activator Protein --------------- Inhibit the Repressor Protein

Front 15

2 Inhibitors

Back 15

Activate the Repressor ------------------ Inhibit the Activator

Front 16

Activate the Activator Protein - Positive regulation

Back 16

small molecule binds to protein in the DNA just upstream of Promoter and enhance affinity of RNA polymerase

Front 17

Inhibit the Repressor Protein - Negative regulator - More powerful

Back 17

small molecule binds to protein in the DNA RIGHT at the Promoter and KICK it out for RNA polymerase to bind in and activate gene expression

Front 18

Activate the Repressor - Positive regulation

Back 18

REMOVE the small molecule binds to protein in the DNA just upstream of Promoter and REDUCE the affinity of RNA polymerase

Front 19

Inhibit the Activator - Negative regulator - MORE powerful

Back 19

REMOVE the small molecule binds to protein in the DNA RIGHT at the Promoter and PREVENT the RNA polymerase FROM binding and activate gene expression

Front 20

STOP gene expression ---- the Repressor (bind and kick out Inh) or Inh (bind and stabilize the Inh)

Back 20

are more powerful than STIMULATE the gene expression ---- Act or Act the Inh

Front 21

Operon

Back 21

Regulatory sequences upstream---------- Genes unit

Front 22

Regulatory sequences upstream

Back 22

Activator site ----- Promoter ----- Repressor site (Operator)

Front 23

Polycistronic is

Back 23

multiple genes on a single transcript ------ express a cluster of genes

Front 24

Lac Operon -- house keeping gene in a small amt

Back 24

Z (b-galactosidase) ----------- Y (galactoside permease) ------------ A (thiogalactoside transacetyllase) -------------- I Lac repressor protein

Front 25

I -- Lac repressor protein is bind by _________________ when HIGH lactose in the environment --- Inhibit the INHIBITOR to MAKE vs (Trp)

Back 25

Alllo-lactose -- very powerful because it is Negative (turn on the gene that normally SLEEPING )

Front 26

________ is also used to enhance cell to make lactase enzyme when LOW on glc---------

Back 26

cAMP --- less powerful because it is POsitive (lactose is rare --> more poweeful)

Front 27

When HIGH glucose _____________ will be less --- not enhance making _____________

Back 27

cAMP ------ lactase

Front 28

Regulon

Back 28

family of gene help each other out ( cAMP - Lac operon - Arabinose operon) ------------------------ Heat shock SYSTEM ------- SOS resposne SYSTEM (whole family)

Front 29

Trp operon use _________ to bind the _______________ to STOP (vs Allolactose to make)

Back 29

use Trp as a small molecule to bind to the INHIBITOR and block the operation site to STOP gene expression -------- vs Allolactose (to make)

Front 30

Trp Attenuation -- 2 trp make hair pin loop to slow down gene expression

Back 30

to prevent over shoot of Trp production ---- slow down for 3 min (RNA halflife) ---- then can do it again ----------- that's y less powerful than Allolactose (use small molecule to stop the INHIbitor and make a lot)

Front 31

Rec A is a house keeping celll when SOS response happens when _________ degrade _________ and turn on ________ so ______ can do it job (cleaving job)

Back 31

Rec A ---- Lex A Repressor ---- Lex A

Front 32

ribosomal protein -------

Back 32

inhibit its corresponding RNA --------- too much rRNA stop making rRNA

Front 33

Stringent Response

Back 33

activate when no Amino acid ------------ no need RNA when no materials

Front 34

Phase variation of samonella

Back 34

either fliB - fliC ---------- to change its shape every 1000 generation - to escape host immune system

Front 35

Typical DNA binding proteins (5) -- leucin - Domain - 2 helix - Zn -

Back 35

Helix - turn helix --------- Zinc finger -------------- Homeodomain ----------- Leucine Slipper (RNA polymerase) --------------- Basic Helix Loop Helix

Front 36

AT- GC binding by ___________

Back 36

Palindromic sequence ------ similar pattern