Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What cell type produces IL-1?
|
Macrophages
|
|
|
WHat 2 major cytokines are best known for their antiviral action?
|
alpha-interferon
beta-interferon |
|
|
What two members of the complement pathway are anaphylotoxins?
|
C3a, C5a
|
|
|
What oncogene has been associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
|
c-myc
|
|
|
What type of inheritance pattern does G6PD deficiency have?
|
X-linked recessive
|
|
|
Other than aminoglycosides, what other drug can cause hearing damage?
|
PDE-5 inhibitors
|
|
|
What type of leukemia is associated with the prescence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
|
CML
|
|
|
What type of arteritis must be diagnosed early in order to prevent blindness?
|
Giant artery arterits (of which temporal artery arteritis is a type)
|
|
|
What is Eisenmeyer syndrome?
|
Reversal of L-R shunt to R-L shunt due to pulmonary syndrome (pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery hypertrophy)
|
|
|
Is dyspnea and orthopnea a result of right-sided or left-sided heat failure?
|
left-sided
|
|
|
What are the organisms usually responsible for subacute bacterial endocarditis?
|
Strep viridans
Gram neg bacillus (E. coli) |
|
|
Which ligament connects the dens to the foramen magnum?
|
alar ligament
|
|
|
What type of testicular germ cell tumor and ovarian germ cell tumor have high production of AFP?
|
-yolk sac germ cell tumor
-endometrial sinus tumor |
|
|
What are the 3 components of Charcots triad?
|
-RUQ pain
-acute onset fever, sepsis -jaundice |
|
|
What is the primary motion of the thoracic spine?
|
Rotation
|
|
|
What cell does IL-1 STIMULATE?
|
T-cells
|
|
|
What type of macromolecule is reliant on folic acid and Vitamin B12 for its synthesis?
|
DNA
|
|
|
Auer rods in myeloblasts is evidence of what myeloproliferative disorder?
|
AML
|
|
|
What type of arterial inflammation is associated with hypersensitivity to tobacco?
|
thromboangitis obliterans
|
|
|
In what plane does flexion occur and about what axis?
|
Sagittal plane about transverse axis
|
|
|
What are the serum Ca+, phosphate, alk phosphatase levels associated with osteomalacia?
|
-High alk phosphatase
-low Ca -low phosphate |
|
|
What are the serum Ca+, phosphate, alk phosphatase levels associated with Pagets disease?
|
-Very high alk phos
-other normal |
|
|
What is the serum sodium levels in Conn's disease?
|
Increased
|
|
|
What antiviral drug is a guanine analog?
|
Acyclovir
|
|
|
What kind of tumors besisdes those associated with colon carcinoma, does a patient with Turcot's disease aquire?
|
CNS
|
|
|
What 3 cell types do C3a and C5a stimulate to release histamine?
|
basophils
mast cells platelets |
|
|
What is the most common cause of meningitis in neonates?
|
1. E.coli 2. Strep agalactia 3. listeria
|
|
|
What are teh two major towxins caused by Colstridium perfringens?
|
alpha-toxin
enterotoxin |
|
|
What is the composition of most kidney stones?
|
Ca2+
|
|
|
What type of Coxsackie virus is associated with Hand, foot and mouth disease?
|
Coxsackie A
|
|
|
What classes of antibiotics inhibit translation in bacteria?
|
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides Tetracylcines Clindamycin Chloramphericol |
|
|
At what level does the spinal cord end in most people?
|
L1 or L2
|
|
|
How does a pathologically small Ferguson's andle affect the curvature of the lumbar spine?
|
It straightens it, gives someone very flat curvature
|
|
|
What is the term for anterior displacement of one vertebra with respect to the one inferior to it?
|
Spondylolisthesis
|
|
|
What HIV glycoprotein mediates HIV binding to the CD4 receptor?
|
gp120 mediates HIV binding to CD4 receptor
|
|
|
What HIV glycoprotein mediates HIV fusion to the cell?
|
gp41 mediates cell fusion
|
|
|
Drug of choice for leishmaniasis
|
Sodium stibogluconate
|
|
|
What is the most common side effect of cisplatin?
|
renal toxicity
|
|
|
What ribosomal subunit is acted upon by tetracylines and aminogycosides?
|
30s
|
|
|
What ribosomal subunit is acted upon by chloramphenicol and macrolides?
|
50s
|
|
|
What is the DOC for an acute attack of gout?
|
Colchine
|
|
|
What nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus?
|
T12-L4
|
|
|
What nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?
|
L4-L5, S1-S3 and portion S4
|
|
|
What primary enzyme in the glycolytic pathway is inhibited by ATP and citrate, but activated by AMP and fructose 2,6-diphosphate?
|
phosphofructokinase-1
|
|
|
What effect does phosphorylation have on hormone sensitive lipase?
|
activates it
|
|
|
In the male peripheral metabolism, to what two types of molecules is testosterone converted?
|
DHT
estrogens |
|
|
In the granulosa cells of the ovary, to what two molecules is androstenedione directly converted?
|
estrone
testosterone |
|
|
Does the corpus luteum make estrogen?
|
No
|
|
|
In 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency, what major adrenal gland hormone is made abundantly and what hormones are lacking?
|
Aldosterone
cortisol, testerone |
|
|
In 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, what two major adrenal gland hormones are not made in sufficient quantities?
|
aldosterone
cortisol |
|
|
What two major adrenal gland hormones are not produced sufficiently in 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency?
|
aldosterone
cortisol |
|
|
What electrolyte disturbance are seen with thiazide use?
|
hypokalemia
hypercalcemia hyperuremia increase glucose levels |
|
|
What is the major DNA polymerase in prokaryotes?
|
Polymerase III
-replicates both parental strands -has proofreading ability and exonuclease activity |
|
|
What type of polymerase produces the leading strand in eukaryotic DNA replication?
|
-delta-polymerase produces leading strand and has helicase activity
|
|
|
From what pharyngeal pouches are the thymus and inferior parathyroids derived?
|
3rd phayrngeal pouch
|
|
|
Where are cervical cysts located?
|
Anterolateral part of the neck
|
|
|
What structures pass through the foramen ovale?
|
CN V3, accessory meningeal a
|
|
|
What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?
|
middle meningeal a
|
|
|
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
|
CN III, IV, VI
sympathetic nerves opthalmic veins |
|
|
What one laryngeal muscle is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
|
Cricothyroid-->superior laryngeal nerve
|
|
|
What nerve root supplies the musculocutaneous nerve?
|
C5-C6
|
|
|
What type of glomerular disease is marked by crescent formation?
|
Rapidly Progressive Glomerular Nephritis
|
|
|
What is the main motion of the OA?
|
F/E
|
|
|
What is the main motion of the AA?
|
rotation
|
|
|
What is the main motion of the upper cervicals?
|
rotation
|
|
|
What is teh primary innervation of the hamstrings?
|
sciatic n
|
|
|
What is the primary innervation of the quadriceps femoris?
|
femoral n
|
|
|
Name the layers of the spermatic cord from most superficial to deepest.
|
superficial fascia-->dartos m.
external spermatic fascia-->ext. oblique aponeurosis cremaster m and fascia-->int. oblique aponeurosis internal spermatic fascia-->fascia transversalis loose connective tissue-->arteries, pampiniform plexus |
|
|
Describe Broca's aphasia.
|
nonfluent speech, good comprehension
|
|
|
Describe Wernicke's aphasia
|
fluent but nonsensical speech, poor comprehension
|
|
|
What part of the basal ganglion is the site of copper accumulation in Wilson's disease?
|
lentiform nucleus
|
|
|
What sensory input DOESNT the thalamus receive?
|
olfactory
|
|
|
What occurs to the body if the corticospinal tract is damaged?
|
Contralateral body spastic paralysis
|
|
|
What gene is responsible for producing gp 41 and gp120 in HIV?
|
env
|
|
|
What gene is responsible for producing p24?
|
gag
|
|
|
What gene is responsible for producing reverse transciptase?
|
pol
|
|
|
What is p24?
|
Core capsid protein and serum marker
|
|
|
What is the normal carrying angle of the female?
|
10-12 degrees
|
|
|
What group of muscles is strained in tennis elbow?
|
extensors
|
|
|
Why is thromboxane a pro-coagulant?
|
Induces platelet stickiness
|
|
|
MOA of TPA
|
Activates plasminogen, but only activates plasmin that is already bound to fibrin.
|
|
|
MOA of Class I antiarrythmics.
|
Sodium channel blockers
|
|
|
MOA of class I antiarrythmics.
|
Beta-blockers
|
|
|
MOA of class III antiarrythmics.
|
Potassium channel blockers
|
|
|
MOA of class IV antiarrythmics.
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
What is the formula for elasticity?
|
change in pressure/change in volume
|
|
|
What type of nerve fiber innervates skeletal muscles?
|
Aalpha-->large diameter, high velocity
|
|
|
What types of nerve fiber is involved with afferent innervtion of the muscle spindles?
|
Aalpha
|
|
|
What type of nerve fiber is involved with efferent innvervation of the muscle spindles?
|
Agamma
|
|
|
Pressure touch receptors
|
Merkel cells
|
|
|
Touch touch receptors
|
Meissner's corpuscles
|
|
|
Pain and temperature receptors
|
free nerve endings
|
|
|
Vibration receptors
|
Pacinian corpuscle
|
|
|
What role does the right vagus have?
|
Controls sinus node and frequency
|
|
|
What role does the left vagus have?
|
Controls AV node and conduction
|
|
|
What does calcium bind to intracellularly in smooth muscle?
|
calmodulin
|
|
|
What does the a wave represent in assessing cardiac pressures?
|
filling (atrial contraction)
|
|
|
What metabolic processes does niacin prevent in adipocytes?
|
lipolysis
|
|
|
Main secretory product of chief cell
|
pepsinogen
|
|
|
Main secretory product of parietal cell
|
HCl, IF
|
|
|
Main secretory product of mucus cell.
|
Mucus
|
|
|
What 3 effects does insulin secretion have on the liver?
|
increases glycogen synthesis
decreases gluconeogenesis increases lipogenesis |
|
|
What cell is stimulated by IL-4 and IL-5?
|
B cells
|
|
|
MOA of dipyridamole
|
-Antiplatelet PDE inhibitor
-Inhibits thromboxane A2 -vasodilates healthy parts of the heart |
|
|
WHat type of epilepsy is marked by a 3/sec spike and domes on EEG during the attack?
|
petit mal
|
|
|
What type of error results in rejection of the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is true?
|
Type I error
|
|
|
Causes for hypotonic dehydration
|
diarrhea and vomiting
|
|
|
Causes for hypertonic dehydration.
|
Sweating, diabetes insipidus
|
|
|
What neurotransmitters do TCA antidepressants block the reuptake of?
|
NE and serotonin
|
