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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do pencillins work?
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PCN inhibits transpeptidases, interfering with the "mesh" formation of cell wall.
In general, interfere with cell wall synthesis. |
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What are the two naturally occuring pencillins?
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Pencillin G and V. These are also beta lactamase senstive
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What does beta lactamase aka pencillinase enzyme do and why is it only found in certain bacterium?
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Beta-lactmase lyses the beta lactam ring of PCN.
It's only found in bacteria who have the gene for it. Or if they acquired a plasmid which had it |
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Why is methcillin rarely used for pencillin strep or staph even though it is a beta lactamase resistant antibiotic?
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Due to its great TOXICITY
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Which 2nd generation PCN is a DOC for skin infections, including cellultis?
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Dicloxacallin
Cefazolin (1st gen cephalosprin is also the DOC for cellulitis) |
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which two antibiotics are commonly used for skin infections?
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Oxacillin and cloxacillin
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Nafcillin is elimated by?
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biliary route. Unlike other PCNs which are elimated renally.
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When do we use flucloxacillin?
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only in severe infections!
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What is the role of clavulanic acid and sulbactam?
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Beta lacatmase inhibitors.
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A patient who is having dental work done due to peridontitis and he also has high risk cardiac conditions. What antibiotic should be given prophylatically?
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Amoxicillin
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Antipsudomonal penicillins?
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Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin. (4th gen. PCNs)
You should also add an aminoglcoside and/or ciproflaxacin (fluroquilone) with it |
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How do certain PCNs like carbenicillin and ampicillin gain entry into gram negative bacteria?
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take entry from the porins in the outer membrane
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Do PCN cross the placenta? are the teratogenic?
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Yes and no they are not teratogenic
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What do you give a patient who is allergic to PCN?
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Erythromycin (a macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor)
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1st generation cephalosporins effective against?
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PEcK
Proteus E. coli Klebseilla ( plus gram positives) |
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2nd generation cephalosporins effective against?
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HENPEcK
Haemophilus influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus E Coli Klebsiella |
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3rd generation cephalosporins effective against?
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HENPEcK
Haemophilus influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus E Coli Klebsiella |
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4th generation cephalosprins are active against?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cefePIme, cefPIrome....Think active against Pseudomonas Insults |
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cefMANdole
ceFOXitin ceFURoxime (crosses BBB...think it gets to your head) cefoTETan |
2nd generation cephalosporins
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Cefemandole when taken with alcohol does what?
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disulfiram reaction---ADH is inhibited and you get accumulation of acetaldehyde which causes flushing, nausea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, chest pain and hypotension
** seen more in asian patients |
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Which cephalosporin is used for Pelvic inflammatory disease and intra-abdominal pain?
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Cefoxitin...
Foxy chick gave you pelvic and tummy issues |
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cefTAzidime
cefoTAxime cefTriAxone also, cefoperazone and ceftizoxime |
3rd generation cephlosporins.
Tough Assasins |
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Which cephlasporin is used in a patient who has Neisseria gonorrhea and has kidney issues?
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Ceftriaxone
Well it is a DOC for Neisseria gonorrhea and but its excreted with the bile so good for patients with renal problems |
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Name a PCN and a cepholosporin that is excreted with bile?
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Naficillin and Ceftriaxone
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