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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are albuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline?
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SABAs
short acting beta 2 agonists used in acute asthma have some B1 activity |
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what are the LABAs
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formoterol
salmeterol |
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what is cromolyn
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used in asthma PROPHYLAXIS, not acute Tx
cromoyln is a mast cell stabilizer adjunct in mild persistent asthma |
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all forms of persistent asthma must include treatment with a WHAT kind of drug
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antiinflammatory - specifically an inhaled corticosteroid
these block PLA2, so no LTs or PGs and also decrease activation of macrophages, eosinophils, and T cells |
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what are some of the inhaled corticosteroids for asthma
should be able to recognize the names at least! |
beclomethasone
triamcinolone fluticasone mometasone flunisolide budesonide ciclesonide |
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what is theophylline
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also called a methylxanthine
this is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of asthma used as an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids...not preferred though (block PDE = no LTs or PGs) |
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what are the leukotriene inhibitors and what are their MOAs
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zileuton - blocks lipoxygenase
zafirlukast and montelukast - LT receptor blocker |
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how does omalizumab work
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omalizumab is a monclonal Ab to IgE --- used as adjunctive therapy in asthma - severe persistent,...
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what is the corticosteroid of choice in status asthmaticus
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methylprednisone (IV)
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how do yhe cardiac glycosides work
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inhibit Na K pump (ultimately lead to increase in intracellular Ca)
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what are dobutamine and dopamine used in and how?
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dobutamine/dopamine used as inotropic drugs
beta 1 agonists ...+ adenylate cyclase...+ CAMP....+PKA which phosphorylates Ca channels = increased Ca in cell |
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what are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in the heart?
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inamrinone
milrinone PDE normally turns cAMP to AMP....so more cAMP = more PKA = more calcium in cells |
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what electrolyte abnormalities exacerbate digoxin toxicity
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hypo K
hyper Ca |
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SSx Henoch schonlein purpura
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IgA mediated angiitis - IgA deposits on small vessel walls
KIDS "palpable pupura" on legs and BUTT, arthralgia, bloody Diarrhea, can have glomerulonephritis |
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SSx kawasaki syndrome
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PAN like vasculitis of medium size vessel
kids - asians coronary artry aneurysms high, unresponsive F for 5 days CRASH - conjunctivitis, rash, aneurysm of coronary arteries, strawberry tongue/sore throat/crusting lips, hands and soles - erythema HIGH platelets Tx - ASA and IVIG |
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describe 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns
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1st - epidermis only, heals on it's own - redness
2nd - epidermis and some dermis, heals on its own - painful blister 3rd - all the way through dermis, damages cutaneous nerves so PAINLESS must debride and clean, give tetanus toxoid and fluids...most comon bug infecting is pseudomonas, but dont give prophylactic Abx till you know what the bug is |
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what nerves innervate the wrist extensors (except extensor carpi ulnaris - this is ulnar nerve)
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c6, c7
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what nerves innervate the wrist flexors and triceps
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c7, c8
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what is the largest joint in the body
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tibiofemoral joint
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what 3 joints comprise the knee joint
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tibiofemoral
patellofemoral tibiofibular |
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what are the 4 ligaments of the femorooacetabular joint (hip)
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iliofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament pubofemoral ligament capitis femoris so the ligaments attach each part of the pelvic innominate to the femur, and then there's this capitis femoris |
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apleys compression and distraction tests .....test what specifically?
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apley's compression tests menisci (youre squishing the leg, so youre crushing the menisci)
apleys distraction - tests ligaments, you're pulling the leg so you're pulling the ligaments |
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what does mcmurrays test look for
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tears to posterior aspect of menisci
this is the one where they lay on their back and you flex their knee and then internally or externally rotate it and slowly extend and positive if it clicks Pt's toes point to direction of valgus or varus stress (helps you remember which way to rotate - vaglus/external...varus/internal) |
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define coxa valgum and coxa varum
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coxa valgum - >135
coxa varum <120 degrees |
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describe Q angle
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discusses knee - nl Q angle is 10-12
>12 degrees - genu valgum <10 degrees - genu vargum |
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pronating the foot causes the fibular head to move in which direction
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anteriorly
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supinating the foot causes the fibular head to move in which direction
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posteriorly
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what are the 4 compartments in the lieg
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lateral
anterior superficial posterior deep posterior |
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which arch in the foot does the spring ligament aid?
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medial longitudinal arch
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the term thyroidization of the kidney describes what
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histologic description of chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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most common cause of viral encephalitis
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HSV
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SSx of HSV encephalitis
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olfactory hallucinations and personality changes
hits temporal lobe (and inferior frontal) w hemorrhagic encephalitis.....see COWDRY intranuclear inclusion bodies on histo |
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what are negri bodies
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histology of RABIES
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in cerebellum and hippocampus Classic sx - hydrophobia |
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histo of CMV encephalitis
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giant cells w eosinophlic inclusions in both cytoplasm and nucleus
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what is the histo finding of a PML patient
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nuclear inclusions in oligodendrocytes
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what is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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due to measles, in kids
grey and white matter dies grand mal seizures Histo - Damson's inclusion bodies |
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what is tabes dorsalis
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sequelae of parenchymal tertiary syphilis
bilat demyelination of post spinal cord...decrease proprioception/reflex/vibration/sense, pain, hypotonia, paresthesias, neurogenic bladder |
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what is the number one cause of brain abscess>>
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strep!
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latin american immigrant comes in w seizures - what's your Dx until proven otherwise
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cysticercosis (taenia solium)
eggs - fecal oral route |
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treatment for serious adenovirus infection
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cidofovir + probenecid
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treatment for smallpox
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cidofovir
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where do genital herpes rest in latency?
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lumbar and sacral DRG
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where do oral herpes rest in latency
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trigeminal ganglion
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