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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common cause of amenorrhea
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pregnancy
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most common cause of pancreatitis
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alcohol abuse
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most common cause of anemia
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iron deficiency
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most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
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minimal change disease
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most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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most common cause of osteomyelitis
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staph. aureus
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most common cause of osteomyelitis in diabetics and sickle cell disease
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salmonella
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most common cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug users
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serratia and pseudomonas
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most common cause of constipation
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dehydration
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most common cause of kidney stones
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dehydration
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most common cause of pneumonia
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strep pneumoniae
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most common cause of ascites
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alcoholic cirrhosis
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most common cause of death
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heart disease in US
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most common cause of male pseudohermaphrodism
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testicular feminization
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most common cause of female pseudohermaphrodism
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adrenogenital syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
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most common cause of calf claudication
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peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
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most common cause of left-sided heart failure
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coronary artery disease
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most common cause of atherosclerosis
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elevated LDL-cholesterol
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most common cause of DVT
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blood stasis (especially after surgery or late pregnancy)
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most common cause of wheezing
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asthma
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most common cause of a cold in fall/winter
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rhinovirus
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most common cause of a cold in spring/summer
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adenovirus
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most common cause of bronchiectasis
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cystic fibrosis
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most common cause of pleural effusion
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CHF
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most common cause of pulmonary edema
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CHF
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most common cause of septic shock
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gram (-) bacteria
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most common cause of poisoning (in the US)
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carbon monoxide
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most common cause of iron deficiency at >50 years of age
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colon cancer
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most common cause of vomiting
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viral infection
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most common cause of hematemesis
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duodenal ulcer
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most common cause of hematochezia
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diverticulosis
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most common cause of melena
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duodenal ulcer
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most common cause of RLQ pain
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appendicitis
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most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea
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norovirus
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most common cause of small bowel obstruction
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adhesions
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most common cause of erectile dysfunction
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diabetes
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most common cause of hyperthyroidism
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Graves disease
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most common cause of hypothyroidism
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hashimotos disease
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most common cause of yellow CSF (xanthochromia)
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bleed in the CNS
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most common cause of blindness in the elderly
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macular degeneration
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most common cause of tremor
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essential tremor
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most common cause of dementia
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alzheimer's disease
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most common cause of psychosis
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depression
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most common cause of headache
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tension headache
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in cystic fibrosis patients, what is the first bacteria to cause respiratory infections
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staph aureus
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in cystic fibrosis patients, what bacteria causes respiratory infections after 6 mo
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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vitamins that are deficient in cystic fibrosis patients
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A, D, E, K
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neurotoxic metabolite of phenylalanine that builds up in phenylketonuria
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phenyl ketones
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sx of a1-antitrypsin deficiency
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cirrhosis (from buildup of a1-antitrypsin in hepatocytes) and emphysema (from unregulated elastase damage in lung)
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vonGierke is what kind of disease
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glycogen storage disease
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pompe is what kind of disease
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glycogen storage disease
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mcardle disease is what kind of disease
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glycogen storage disease
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sx of glycogen storage diseases
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hypoglycemia b/w meals
liver swelling (can store glycogen, but can't utilize it) |
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hurler is what kind of disease
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mucopolysaccharidoses
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scheie is what kind of disease
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mucopolysaccharidoses
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hunter is what kind of disease
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mucopolysaccharidoses (X-linked)
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sx of mucopolysaccharidoses
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corneal clouding and mental retardation (hunter dz has no corneal clouding - hunter's need to see)
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niemann-pick is what kind of disease
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sphingolipidoses
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krabbes is what kind of disease
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sphingolipidoses
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merachromatic dystrophy is what kind of disease
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spingolipidoses
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fabry is what kind of disease
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sphingolipidoses
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gaucher is what kind of disease
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sphingolipidoses
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tay-sachs is what kind of disease
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sphingolipidoses (x-linked)
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sx of sphingolipidoses
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CNS disorders
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inheritance pattern of infant polycystic kidney disease versus adult type
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adult: autosomal dominant
infant: autosomal recessive |
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referred to as bronze diabetes
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hemochromatosis
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WBC have abnormal microtubules causing multiple recurrent infections
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chediak-higashi syndrome
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excessive bleeding disease caused by a deficiency in GpIb (platelet to vWF)
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bernard-soulier disease
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excessive bleeding disease caused by a deficiency in GpIIbIIIa (platelet to platelet)
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glanzmanns thromboasthenia
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abnormal LDL receptor leading to early atherosclerosis
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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spherocytosis is due to a defect in what protein
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spectrin
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what does vWF normally bind to in the serum
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GpIb and factor VIII
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marfan syndrome is due to a defect in what protein
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fibrillin
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>6 cafe au lait spots
axillary freckling |
von recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis 1)
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bilateral schwannomas (CNVIII tumors)
hearing deficits |
acoustic neurofibromatosis
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shagreen's patches (yellow leathering over pre-sacral)
ash leaf patches (hypopigmented leaf like areas) mental retardation cysts of liver, pancreas, and kidney |
tuberous sclerosis
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von-hippel lindau (neurocutaneous syndrome) are at high risk for what disease
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renal cell carcinoma
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trinucleotide repeat that causes huntington disease (chorea, psychiatric disease, cognitive decline)
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CAG
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aneurysm present in adults with polycystic kidney disease
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berry
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factor __ is deficient in hemophilia A
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VIII
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factor __ is deficient in hemophilia B
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IX
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inability to eradicate radical O2 species causing hemolysis
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G6PD deficiency
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triple repeat present in fragile X syndrome
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CGG
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sphingolipidosis characterized by angiokeratomas (wart-like growths with telangiectasias) and renal failure
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fabry disease
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deficiency in HGPRT causing excess uric acid and self-mutilation
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lesch-nyhan syndrome
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lack of dystrophin
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duchenne muscular dystrophy
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decreased levels of dystrophin
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becker muscular dystrophy
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low or absent mature B cells
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brutons agammaglobulinemia
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otitis media
eczema thrombocytopenia |
wiskott-aldrich (IgM dysfunction)
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deletion in cri du chat syndrome
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5p
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deletion in retinoblastoma
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13q
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deletion in prader willi syndrome
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15q11-13 paternal
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deletion in angelman syndrome
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15q11-13 maternal
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HLA type assx with hemochromatosis
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HLA A3
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HLA type assx with ankylosing spondylitis
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B27
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HLA type assx with reactive arthritis
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B27
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HLA type assx with psoriatic arthritis
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B27
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HLA type assx with narcolepsy
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DR2
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HLA type assx with multiple sclerosis
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DR2
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HLA type assx with type I diabetes
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DR2 and DR3
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HLA type assx with SLE
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DR3
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HLA type assx with celiac disease
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DR3
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HLA type assx with rheumatoid arthritis (adult and juvenile)
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DR4 DW4 DW14
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sacroiliitis
bamboo spine uveitits |
ankylosing spondylitis
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conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
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reactive arthritis (Reiters) -can't pee, can't see, can't climb a tree
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nystagmus
intention tremor scanning speech |
multiple sclerosis
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screening and confirmatory tests for lupus
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screening: ANA
confirmatory: anti-dsDNA (anti-smith) |
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false positive test in SLE
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VDRL (for lupus due to cardiolipin Ab made)
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where is cardiolipin normally found in the body (syphillis membrane molecule)
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inner mitochondrial membrane
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type of dysphagia present in CREST syndrome
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solid and liquid (fibrosis of esophagus, so neuromuscular)
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enzyme that is deficient in chronic granulomatous disease
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NADPH oxidase
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deficient interferon-gamma causing sinopulmonary infections, candidiasis, and cold abscesses
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job's syndrome
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pharyngeal pouches that fail to develop in DiGeorge syndrome
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3rd and 4th
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most common infection in SCID
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pneumocystis pneumonia
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penicillin inhibits what enzyme used in bacterial cell wall synthesis
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transpeptidase
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penicillin that is not renally excreted (excreted in bile)
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nafcillin
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pt. who cannot take penicillin are usually give what instead
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erythromycin
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3rd generation cephalosporin that is not renally excreted (excreted in the bile)
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ceftriaxone
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