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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is sex?
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The best thing in world (just kidding)
Biology of being male or female |
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What is gender?
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Phenotypic differences between male/female that is mediated in part by societal expectation
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What are the 2 types of roles of hormones?
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1. Organizational
2. Activational |
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What is organizational effect?
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Effects that occur early in development and are considered to be permanent
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What is an activational effect?
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Effect that occurs late in development
- Are transient - Superimposed upon organizational effects |
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What types of pictures do young boys and girls draw?
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Boys = technical objects, weapons, trasportaion. From Bird's eye view
Girls = Brightly colored objects, flowers, butterflies, etc |
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What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
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Genetic dissorder affecting enzymes that convert cholesteral --> cortizol
Shifts hormones so more androgens (male hormones) are made |
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What is seen in the pictures that girls with CAH draw?
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They are more masculine
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Is the CAH effect due to organizational or activational effects?
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Organizational
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What gene does phenotypic differentiation require?
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Sry
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Autism occurs most commonly in which sex?
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Males
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What are males very good at recognizing?
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Male anger
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What 4 items are females particularly adept at recognizing?
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1. Body Language
2. Vocal Tone 3. Facial Expression 4. Inferring mental state from look |
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Which sex has the small 2D:4D ratio?
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males
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What happened to females that were given testosterone and then asked to completed the reading of the minds task?
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They faired worse at it
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The effect of the testosterone in the previous study was limited to what subset of women?
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Women with lower (more masculine) 2D:4D ratio
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Is this experiment due to organizational or activational effects?
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BOTH
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What is the second (often unknown) leading cause of disease burden in women in the US?
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Depression
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How do men and women differ wrt to sex steroids over lifetime?
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Men increase testosterone then state constant
Women fluctuate greatly throughout life |
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Which sex has higher serotonin (5-HT) levels, availability, and higher serotonin receptors?
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Females
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What can males do greater/faster wrt to serotonin?
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Synthesize serotonin faster
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What is estrogen's effect on serotonin?
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"Pro-serotonergic"
Decreases reuptake Decreases degredation Increase receptor density |
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What is estrogens effect on LTP?
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It increases it (and therefore probably learning and memory)
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Oxytocin promotes what?
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"Feeliative" behavior - cuddling, maternal behavior
"Trust" hormone |
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What is estrogens effect on oxytocin?
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Increases oxytocin receptors and therefore delivery in the brain
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What does oxytocin do wrt stress?
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It REDUCES it
Less amygdala activity in those patients on oxytocin |
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What is premenstrual dysphormic disorder?
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condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation
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What is the treatment for PMDD?
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SSRI's
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When (in the menstrual cycle) are SSRIs given for PMDD?
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Luteal Phase
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What do PMDD women have in terms of the CNS and hormones?
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Abnormal CNS response to normal hormonal levels and fluctuations
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