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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is sex?
The best thing in world (just kidding)

Biology of being male or female
What is gender?
Phenotypic differences between male/female that is mediated in part by societal expectation
What are the 2 types of roles of hormones?
1. Organizational

2. Activational
What is organizational effect?
Effects that occur early in development and are considered to be permanent
What is an activational effect?
Effect that occurs late in development

- Are transient

- Superimposed upon organizational effects
What types of pictures do young boys and girls draw?
Boys = technical objects, weapons, trasportaion. From Bird's eye view

Girls = Brightly colored objects, flowers, butterflies, etc
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
Genetic dissorder affecting enzymes that convert cholesteral --> cortizol

Shifts hormones so more androgens (male hormones) are made
What is seen in the pictures that girls with CAH draw?
They are more masculine
Is the CAH effect due to organizational or activational effects?
Organizational
What gene does phenotypic differentiation require?
Sry
Autism occurs most commonly in which sex?
Males
What are males very good at recognizing?
Male anger
What 4 items are females particularly adept at recognizing?
1. Body Language

2. Vocal Tone

3. Facial Expression

4. Inferring mental state from look
Which sex has the small 2D:4D ratio?
males
What happened to females that were given testosterone and then asked to completed the reading of the minds task?
They faired worse at it
The effect of the testosterone in the previous study was limited to what subset of women?
Women with lower (more masculine) 2D:4D ratio
Is this experiment due to organizational or activational effects?
BOTH
What is the second (often unknown) leading cause of disease burden in women in the US?
Depression
How do men and women differ wrt to sex steroids over lifetime?
Men increase testosterone then state constant

Women fluctuate greatly throughout life
Which sex has higher serotonin (5-HT) levels, availability, and higher serotonin receptors?
Females
What can males do greater/faster wrt to serotonin?
Synthesize serotonin faster
What is estrogen's effect on serotonin?
"Pro-serotonergic"

Decreases reuptake
Decreases degredation
Increase receptor density
What is estrogens effect on LTP?
It increases it (and therefore probably learning and memory)
Oxytocin promotes what?
"Feeliative" behavior - cuddling, maternal behavior

"Trust" hormone
What is estrogens effect on oxytocin?
Increases oxytocin receptors and therefore delivery in the brain
What does oxytocin do wrt stress?
It REDUCES it

Less amygdala activity in those patients on oxytocin
What is premenstrual dysphormic disorder?
condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation
What is the treatment for PMDD?
SSRI's
When (in the menstrual cycle) are SSRIs given for PMDD?
Luteal Phase
What do PMDD women have in terms of the CNS and hormones?
Abnormal CNS response to normal hormonal levels and fluctuations