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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is the extent of an external lesion a reliable indicator of deeper lesions?
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NO
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What are the sizes of lethal lesions?
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Can be small or absent
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What are the 5 types of fractures?
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1. Linear
2. Compound 3. Complex 4. Depressed 5. Contrecoup |
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What is a linear fracture?
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Secondary to contact with a large flat object. Fracture begins along inner table
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What is a compound fracture?
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Associated with scalp laceration
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What is a complex fracture?
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Involves multiple bones
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What is a depressed fracture?
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Secondary to contact with small objects
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What is a contrecoup fracture?
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Located distant from point of injury
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Are linear fractures usually lethal?
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NO
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Hinge fractures are usually a consequence of what?
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Violent trauma such as auto accidents
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Where are epidural hematomas located?
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Between skull and dura
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Where are subdural hematomas located?
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Between brain and dura
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What type of bleeding is seen in an epidural hematoma?
Subdural hematoma? |
Epidural = arterial
Subdural = venous |
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What appearance does the dura usually give in a SDH?
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Gray-Blue and is very tight
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What can occur secondarily to both EDH and SDH?
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Compression of brain (hernatiation)
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What is formed if a SDH is not evacuated and the patient survives?
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membrane is formed
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What complication can result from this membrane?
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Newly formed vessel in membrane may re-bleed
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What tears in a SDH?
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Caused by motion of brain wrt skill and dura tearing the BRIDING VEINS
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What is the most common traumatic lesion of the brain?
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Contusion/Laceration from blunt head injury
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Contusions/Lacerations are often associated with what?
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Brain Swelling
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Where are contusions/lacerations usually located?
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Gyral crests
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What are the 2 types of contusions/lacerations?
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1. Fracture
2. Coup Contusions |
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What is a fracture C/L?
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At site of fracture and tends to be severe
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What is a coup contusion caused by?
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Bending/rebound of skull at site of injury w/ or w/o fracture
Moving Object strikes stationary (but movable) head |
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Where are contre coup contusions located?
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Distant, usually opposite from point of impact
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Contre Coup contusions are most common where?
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Orbito-frontal surfaces and temporal poles
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Closed head injury typically results from what?
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Severe angular acceleration forces
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What are the 3 principle types of diffuse brain injury?
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1. Diffuse Axonal Injury
2. Concussion 3. Brain Swelling |
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Closed head injuries are most common in what type of impacts?
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Bicycle/vehicular impacts, helmeted cyclists, shaken babies
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What is the histological hallmark of axonal injury?
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Retraction Balls
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What are the 4 cellular effects of severe concussion?
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1. Elevated Glutamate
2. Activation of ATP dependent Na/K pump 3. Elevated intracellular Ca (caused neuronal cell death) 4. Elevated lactic acid |
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Trauma associated with ischemic brain damage could be secondary to what 3 items?
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1. Concussion
2. Hypotension-cardiac arrest 3. Status epilepticus |
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80-90% of infants who are shaken have what?
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SDH
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What is a common site of trauma in shaken infants?
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Transection of corpus callosum
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Eyes of shaken babies will show what?
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Optic nerve sheath hemorrhages
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What is seen on an MRI of a shaken baby?
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Black brain secondary to shock and severe concussion
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