Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most superficial layer of brain covering?
|
Dura
|
|
What is dura composed of?
|
2 layers of collagenous connective tissue with large venous sinuses
|
|
The dura is normally tightly adherent to what?
|
Inner surface of the skull
|
|
What space is located between the dura and skull?
|
Epidural space
|
|
What is the thin membrane containing a mixture of fibroblasts and arachnoidal cells?
|
Arachnoid matter
|
|
What is the function of the arachnoid villi?
|
Conduct CSF back into the circulation
|
|
What is the subdural space?
|
Potential space between dura and arachnoid mater
|
|
What cells histologically form small multicellular clusters with prominent whorls and occasional psammoma bodies?
Also tend to have oval nuclei with fine, evenly dispersed chromatin |
Arachoidal cells
|
|
Arachnodial cells are the basis of what tumor type?
|
meningioma
|
|
What is the later of cells tightly affixed to the brain itself?
|
Pia matter
|
|
What are delicate strands that connect the arachnoid to the pia mater?
|
Arachnoid Trabeculae
|
|
What happens to the arachnoid with age?
|
Becomes opacified due to thickening from deposition of collagen in the subarachnoid space
|
|
What are 3 pathologic reactions that commonly involve the subarachnoid space?
|
1. Infection
2. Neoplasm 3. Hemorrhages |
|
What is major structure/feature in the subarachnoid space?
|
Blood vessels
|
|
What is the Virchow-Robin space?
|
Perivascular (surround vessels), fluid filled canals that surround perforating arteries and veins in the parenchyma of the brain
|
|
What is the perikaryon?
|
The cell body of a neuron
|
|
What cells are the primary efferent output of the neocortex?
|
Pyramidal cells
|
|
What layers are pyramidal cells primarily located in?
|
III and V
|
|
Histologically, what do pyramidal cells look like?
|
Big cells with far projections
|
|
In the MC (motor cortex), which layer is largest and why?
|
V because V is output layer, and main function of MC is effernt OUTPUT
|
|
Which layers are the most prominent in S1 and the Primary visual cortex?
|
IV because it is the input layer and those areas are main AFFERENT input receivers
|
|
Which region of the hippocampus is most vulnerable to various insults?
|
CA1 region (sommer sector)
|
|
What are the 3 layers of the cerbellum?
|
1. Molecular Layer (very few cells)
2. Purkinje cells 3. Granular Layer |
|
What type of cells in the cerebellum are very vulnerable to hypoxic/ischemic conditions?
|
Purkinje cells
|
|
What is the brown pigment seen in many of the large motor neurons of the SC?
|
Lipofuschin - normal age related process
|
|
What is seen in a "red" neuron, a neuron that has experiences irreversible ischemic injury?
|
Shrunken cell body, intense eosinophilia with loss of nissl basophilia.
Nucleus is often darkly stained without evidence of nucleolus |
|
What type of inclusion is often seen in alzheimers disease?
|
Neurofibrillary triangles
|
|
What are the 3 glial cells of the CNS?
|
1. Microglia
2. Oligodendrocyes 3. Astrocytes |
|
What is one of the main function of astrocytes?
|
Extend numerous fine foot processes around the basement membranes of blood vessels to create BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
|
|
Apart from the BBB, what is the other major function of astorcytes?
|
Creating of reactive astrocytes in response to brain injury
|
|
What are the most common adult primary brain tumors derived from?
|
Glial cells, particularly those suggestive of astrocytic differentiation
|
|
Histologically, what often helps to distinguish an oligodendrocyte?
|
Perinuclear halo
|
|
What is the predominate type of glial cell in the white matter?
|
Oligodendrocytes
|
|
How many axons can one oligodendrocyte mylinate?
|
Multiple (>50)
|
|
The cytoplasm of a oligodendrocyte is packed with what?
|
Golgi to make glycolipid membrane material
|
|
In the grey matter, oligodendroglial cells are often found in what?
|
Small groups of 2-3 cells in close proximity to neurons (satellitosis)
|
|
How do glial tumors usually grow?
|
Along blood vessels, particularly in the perivascular spaces and cluster around neurons as the tumor infiltrates the cortex
|
|
What cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?
|
Ependymal cells - glial cells with epithelium characteristics
|