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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most superficial layer of brain covering?
Dura
What is dura composed of?
2 layers of collagenous connective tissue with large venous sinuses
The dura is normally tightly adherent to what?
Inner surface of the skull
What space is located between the dura and skull?
Epidural space
What is the thin membrane containing a mixture of fibroblasts and arachnoidal cells?
Arachnoid matter
What is the function of the arachnoid villi?
Conduct CSF back into the circulation
What is the subdural space?
Potential space between dura and arachnoid mater
What cells histologically form small multicellular clusters with prominent whorls and occasional psammoma bodies?

Also tend to have oval nuclei with fine, evenly dispersed chromatin
Arachoidal cells
Arachnodial cells are the basis of what tumor type?
meningioma
What is the later of cells tightly affixed to the brain itself?
Pia matter
What are delicate strands that connect the arachnoid to the pia mater?
Arachnoid Trabeculae
What happens to the arachnoid with age?
Becomes opacified due to thickening from deposition of collagen in the subarachnoid space
What are 3 pathologic reactions that commonly involve the subarachnoid space?
1. Infection

2. Neoplasm

3. Hemorrhages
What is major structure/feature in the subarachnoid space?
Blood vessels
What is the Virchow-Robin space?
Perivascular (surround vessels), fluid filled canals that surround perforating arteries and veins in the parenchyma of the brain
What is the perikaryon?
The cell body of a neuron
What cells are the primary efferent output of the neocortex?
Pyramidal cells
What layers are pyramidal cells primarily located in?
III and V
Histologically, what do pyramidal cells look like?
Big cells with far projections
In the MC (motor cortex), which layer is largest and why?
V because V is output layer, and main function of MC is effernt OUTPUT
Which layers are the most prominent in S1 and the Primary visual cortex?
IV because it is the input layer and those areas are main AFFERENT input receivers
Which region of the hippocampus is most vulnerable to various insults?
CA1 region (sommer sector)
What are the 3 layers of the cerbellum?
1. Molecular Layer (very few cells)

2. Purkinje cells

3. Granular Layer
What type of cells in the cerebellum are very vulnerable to hypoxic/ischemic conditions?
Purkinje cells
What is the brown pigment seen in many of the large motor neurons of the SC?
Lipofuschin - normal age related process
What is seen in a "red" neuron, a neuron that has experiences irreversible ischemic injury?
Shrunken cell body, intense eosinophilia with loss of nissl basophilia.

Nucleus is often darkly stained without evidence of nucleolus
What type of inclusion is often seen in alzheimers disease?
Neurofibrillary triangles
What are the 3 glial cells of the CNS?
1. Microglia

2. Oligodendrocyes

3. Astrocytes
What is one of the main function of astrocytes?
Extend numerous fine foot processes around the basement membranes of blood vessels to create BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
Apart from the BBB, what is the other major function of astorcytes?
Creating of reactive astrocytes in response to brain injury
What are the most common adult primary brain tumors derived from?
Glial cells, particularly those suggestive of astrocytic differentiation
Histologically, what often helps to distinguish an oligodendrocyte?
Perinuclear halo
What is the predominate type of glial cell in the white matter?
Oligodendrocytes
How many axons can one oligodendrocyte mylinate?
Multiple (>50)
The cytoplasm of a oligodendrocyte is packed with what?
Golgi to make glycolipid membrane material
In the grey matter, oligodendroglial cells are often found in what?
Small groups of 2-3 cells in close proximity to neurons (satellitosis)
How do glial tumors usually grow?
Along blood vessels, particularly in the perivascular spaces and cluster around neurons as the tumor infiltrates the cortex
What cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?
Ependymal cells - glial cells with epithelium characteristics