Bb1 Psych Disorders In Children Part 1

Front 1

Describe pharmacokinetics in children.

Back 1

Often requires more frequent dosing: absorption, liver metabolism, and elimination more rapid
elimination - smaller volume of distribution and increased GFR
Shifts at puberty to adult levels

Front 2

Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability: general diagnosis?

Back 2

Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning: IQ 2 standard deviations below the mean with deficients in current adaptive functioning in at least 2 areas (communication, self care, etc.)
Onset before age 18

Front 3

Risks with mental retardation

Back 3

Abuse by caregivers
Increased incidence of Axis I psychiatric disorders

Front 4

List the common causes of mental retardation.

Back 4

Inherited: Fragile X syndrome
Chromosomal: Down syndrome
Environmental: Prenatal exposure (fetal alcohol syndrome)

Front 5

Mental retardation: treatment?

Back 5

Education/Applied behavior analysis
Improved communication

Front 6

Autistic disorder: general description?

Back 6

Qualitative impairment in social interaction
Qualitative impairments in communication
Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities

Front 7

Asperger's: very similar to?

Back 7

Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

Front 8

Asperger's: general description?

Back 8

Individuals without cognitive or communication problems with impairment in social interaction and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities.

Front 9

PDD-NOS: what is this term used for?

Back 9

Children who fall short of 6 criteria for Autistic disorder but have at least 1 symptom in each domain or for children who have social/communication problems but no repetitive behavior.

Front 10

Rett syndrome: cause? inheritance?

Back 10

Mutations in the MCP2 gene on the X chromosome

X-linked dominant

Front 11

Rett Syndrome: why was it included in DSM?

Back 11

So that physicians would rule it out in girls with autism

Front 12

Rett Syndrome: describe development up to the first symptom.

Back 12

Normal prenatal and perinatal development
Apparently normal psychomotor development through first 5 months
Normal head circumference at birth
Deceleration of head growth between ages 5-48 months

Front 13

Rett syndrome: what happens after deceleration of head growth?

Back 13

Loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills between 5 and 30 months with subsequent development of stereotyped hand movements
Loss of social engagement early in the course
Poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements
Severely impaired expressive and receptive language development with severe psychomotor retardation

Front 14

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: presentation? diagnosis?

Back 14

Loss of skills over weeks to months

Infection, genetic disorders, or epilepsy can cause, so rule them out first.

Front 15

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: general description?

Back 15

Normal development for first 2 years
Loss of previously acquired skills before 10 years old (language, social skills, bowel or bladder control, motor skills)
Abnormalities of functioning in communication, social interaction

Front 16

Autism spectrum disorders: gender? domains of impairment?

Back 16

Males

Likely 2 relevant domains of impairment:
Social communication
Repetitive behavior

Front 17

Autism spectrum disorders: brain changes?

Back 17

Increased brain growth from 0-2 years
Increased cortical gray matter and decreased corpus callosum size
Increased density of mini-columns in cortex
Increased caudate size correlates with repetitive behavior
Amygdala size increased
Decreased activation of face area of cortex
Decreased mirror neuron activation

Front 18

Autism spectrum disorders: best predictor of prognosis?

Back 18

Language by 5 years of age

Front 19

Autism spectrum disorders: only treatment with evidence of benefit?

Back 19

Applied Behavioral Analysis/Discrete Trial Training

Front 20

Autism spectrum disorders: pharmaceutical treatment with what they treat?

Back 20

Aggression/self injury: Antipsychotics (block DA D2 receptors)
Compulsive behaviors: SSRIs

Front 21

Antipsychotics: side effects?

Back 21

Weight gain
Sedation
Risk of movement disorders

Front 22

SSRIs: side effects?

Back 22

Activation syndrome:
Increased energy/impulsivity
Insomnia
Irritability/mood switch