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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical structures of the limbic system
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- limbic lobe:
cingulate gyrus parahippocampal gyrus uncus - fornix - hippocampus - amygdala |
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The uncus is part of which brain structure
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The uncus is an anterior extremity of the Parahippocampal gyrus (part of the limbic lobe)
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Which strutures send info to the hypothalamus
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- Thalamus
- Limbic structures (amygdala, hippocampus) - Pituitary - Reticular formation - Spinal cord and brainstem - Basal Ganglia - Brainstem - Cerebellum |
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Main role of amygdala
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emotional learning and processing with a particular role in expression of fear and anger.
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Predominant input to amygdala
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from cerebral cortex
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Other structures connected with amygdala and emotional response
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- cerebral cortex
- amygdala - hypothalamus or - thalamus --> orbitofrontal cortex |
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Role of hypothalamus in the emotional response
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Expression of emotion:
Elicit appropriate autonomic and motor responses |
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Role of ortitofrontal cortex in emotional response
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Perception of emotions
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Role of hippocampus
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Learning and formation of new memories
Short term --> long term Declarative memory (memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge) |
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Other structures near hippocampus associated with memory
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- uncus
- entorhinal cortex |
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Consequence of bilateral removal of the hippocampus?
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inability to form NEW memories (of facts and events)
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Describe the papez circuit
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1. Information from cingulate cortex travels via cingulum to hippocampus
2. From hippocampus, info passes through fornix to mamillary bodies 3. Continues through mamillo-thalamic tract to thalamus anterior nuclei 4. Thru internal capsule and back to cingulate gyrus ** Association cortex has bilateral connections with cingulate cortex * Projections from fornix connect circuit to hypothalamus * Projections from hippocampus connect circuit with amygdala |
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Describe pathway from hippocampus to mamillary bodies
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hippocampus sends off white matter tracts that make up fimbria --> fimbria tracts extend upwards to form fornix --> pass above the thalamus and medially into the brain --> eventually to the mamillary bodies
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What connects to R and L amygdalas?
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anterior commisure
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Role of hypothalamus in general
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maintain homeostasis (autonomic and neuroendocrine)
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Where to primary olfactory sensory neurons synapse?
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in the olfactory bulb after crossing cribiform plate.
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What is the olfactory trigone?
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area at base of olfactory tract that is widened
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Olfactory tracts are dividing into?
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Medial and lateral olfactory striae
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Information carried in medial olfactory striae?
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mostly inhibitory info to the OPPOSITE olfactory bulb sia anterior commissure
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Information carried in the medial olfactory striae?
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information to primary olfactory cortex
- parts of uncus - amygdala - insula - entorhinal area (parahippocampal gyrus) |
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Projections from primary area to which association areas?
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- entohinal cortex
- orbitofrontal cortex - hypothalamus - DM thalamus - limbic system - cranial nerve nuclei |
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What types of viseral functions can olfactory infromation influence?
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- reproductive behaviour
- social behaviour - other "high" functions |
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What allows for concious appreciation of smell?
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orbitofrontal cortex
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Where is the cochlear nucleus located?
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posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) surface of inferior cerebellar peduncle
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Pathway for cochlea to cortex
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- afferents from cochlea via cochlear nerve --> cochlear nucleus (ant and post)
- fiber in ant. cochlear nucleus cross midline IN trapezoid body - fibers in post. cochlear nucleus cross midline rostral to trapezoid body - some fibers stay ipsilateral - fibers all ascend in lateral lemniscus - lat lemniscus terminates in inf. colliculus - axons travel medial geniculate body of thalamus - internal capsule - primary auditory cortex |
